Why The British Petroleum Was Responsible For The Accident

No doubt that the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was one of the worst and the largest oil in the history of the world. In the following essay we will discuss about the various aspects related to the accident and find out whether if the British Petroleum was responsible for the accident. BP or British Petroleum is the largest corporation in the United Kingdom and is an international company that operates in oil, gas and chemical industry. The company is headquartered at London. It owns various refineries as well as chemical plants across the globe. The company produces around 32000,000 barrels of oil daily and operates more than 25K oil service stations across the world with total employee strength up to 85,000. (bp.com, 2015) In Gulf of Mexico, BP had been operating the offshore drilling rig called Deepwater Horizon which it had leased from the Transocean. During the mid of April 2010, there was explode on it as a result of which it had collapsed. This had caused the rupture in the riser of the deep oil well where it has been operating. It was followed by the largest ever oil spill in which around five million barrels of oils was released in the marine environment of gulf of around seventy thousand sq. miles. The accident had also claimed eleven on board causalities and seventeen critical injuries. More than 2 million gallons of chemical was used to clear up the spill. This spill had resulted in heavy losses for the company both financially and in terms of respect. TheShow MoreRelatedBritish Petroleum And Oil Spill1197 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Gulf of Mexico. The ocean was filled with oil which harmed the environment. The oil spill is considered to be the biggest spill in the United States. Several sea creatures were covered with oil, it contaminated them and killing others. The local people were affected by the oil change by having no job due to the water being toxic. The British Petroleum company do not take fault for the explosion but they cleaned up the oil spill. Although the British Petroleum contradicted themselves making theRead MoreBritish Petroleum Legal Practices And Ethical Responsibilities Within Its Corporation1019 Words   |  5 PagesBritish Petroleum Legal Factors British Petroleum is a multinational corporation that provides fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, and petrochemicals products for everyday items to its customers. It operates in more than 80 countries and produces approximately 3.2 million barrels of oil per day. Throughout the course of British Petroleum’s life cycle it has been involved in a number of legal dilemmas which related to environmental, safety, and political issues. The purpose of writingRead MoreThe Effect Of Obeying The Rules1458 Words   |  6 PagesFrom1972–1980, the construction was managed by Indian engineers and many changes were made to the design by Indian government engineers. Labor and employment policies were set by the Indian government and the construction was managed and operated by Indian citizens. The operations of the plant were regulated by more than two Indian governmental agencies; however, environmental, health, and safety standards by UCIL Company was weak. Therefore , in 1984, poisonous gas was released from the site and blewRead MoreBp Pipeline Case Regarding Ethical Behavior And Decision Makin1709 Words   |  7 PagesBP Pipeline Case regarding Ethical Behaviors and Decision-Makin British Petroleum (BP) has been operating in the United States for decades. They have required most of their refineries through acquisitions in the med the 1900’s, which helped them to become one of the leading oil producers in the world. The acquisition of the Prudhoe Bay, Alaska refineries produces more than five percent of America’s oil. Therefore, it guaranteed BP’s economic goals by continuing producing oil in the United StatesRead MoreOil And Gas Industry : Exploration, Drilling, Refining, Production, Distribution, And Marketing Operations1094 Words   |  5 PagesCross-Cultural Perspectives British Petroleum or BP is among the six largest oil and gas companies in the world with a large multinational presence. BP is a British multinational organization with headquarters in London, England, and that pursues commercial interests throughout the world. BP has a strong global presence due to its production and marketing operations in several regions of the world. The global operations of BP comprise a large geographical area due to the effective vertical integrationRead MoreDeepwater Horizon : A Disaster Of Monstrous Proportions Essay1001 Words   |  5 PagesDisaster of Monstrous Proportions On April 20, 2010 British Petroleum’s Deepwater Horizon offshore oil rig located forty miles off the coast of Louisiana exploded due to high pressure of methane gas seeping into the drilling riser and expanding. The explosion killed 11 men working on the rig, injured 17 other, and causing millions of gallons of crude oil to begin spilling into the ocean. This tragic accident has left many question like why did this happen? What could have been done to prevent itRead MoreThe Effects Of Avoiding The Rule With Clear Example1172 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This paper is clarifying the effect of avoiding the rule with clear example, then presents different reason for why companies have to follow the rules and finally explain the social ethic statement from a company. Social and Ethical Responsibility We are living in 21 century, the age of innovation, growth, technology. Many companies and Multinational Corporation making the contract abroad to make more profit. Today, more people and nations are working togetherRead MoreIssue Management: Risk Management2957 Words   |  12 Pagesrange of possible futures. - Doug Randall and Chris Ertel Managing risk is central to many corporate strategies. Reputations that take decades to build can be ruined in a matter of hours through incidents such as environmental accidents. â€Å"The definition of risk management for organizations has broadened, expanding beyond the tangible and quantifiable issues to the less tangible and more qualitative forms of risk. The bounded definition blinds executives to considerable opportunitiesRead MoreDeepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesIn the wake of one of the worst oil spills since the Exxon-Valdez disaster, a massive inquiry into the underlying cause of the Deepwater Horizon tragedy has begun. Many people are wondering if this was a case of poor engineering, corporate greed, negligence, or even simple operator failure. Regardless of the cause, the crude oil is beginning to reach the United States coastline, and a guaranteed fix for the leak is nowhere in sight. In todays technolo gically advanced world, when a disaster likeRead MoreCrisis management; BP2129 Words   |  9 Pagesdiscuss the crisis of the British concern British Petroleum (BP). At first I would like to provide more information about the crisis and its consequences, then I will identify the kind of crisis we have to deal with, I will discuss the several communication strategies BP have used, I will explain the different reactions of the public on the crisis. At last, I will give the oil concern some advice, in case a reoccurrence takes place. The BP oil spill The BP oil spill was a big natural disaster in

Childhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children - 1512 Words

Teaching children of all ages could be difficult if not having their full attention or not being able to reach them physically or on an emotional level for the information needed to be taught. Childhood obesity is a very sensitive subject specially with bulling in all grades continuing to adulthood. So the teaching plan is to make children be aware of childhood obesity and to have those numbers decrease by increasing activity and healthy eating. A brief summary and evaluation of the outcomes of the teaching plan was to engage the children in learning by having them solve two alternative activities that can increase their activity level. The children were also able to express knowledge by recalling the five food groups. Comprehensive†¦show more content†¦A child is impressionable and they learn from what is around them. If the adult in the family doesn’t have control of their own lifestyle or do any teaching to the child they will grow up with the same habits unless something is done. Nutrition is another way that can cause childhood obesity. Obesity develops when energy intake from food and drink consumption is greater than energy expenditure through the body’s metabolism and physical activity (â€Å"Lifestyle and behaviors,† 2011). Consumption of excess calories is often due to over consumption of excess calories is often due to over consumption of high energy foods and drinks such as proces sed or fast food, sweetened and alcoholic drinks, or large portion sizes (â€Å"Lifestyle and behaviors,† 2011). A simple solution would be to cut the empty calories and increase the activity. Children over five should engage in at least 60 minutes (1 hour) of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity every day like walking, biking or even playing sports. In far too many countries the socioeconomic factor over turn the reason for not eating healthy. The family has to make that hard decision whether to feed them at all or to cut corners and have food on the table. On the other hand families with education and money have habits that can cause obesity like Eating out verses home cooking. This is also a factor due to high calorie intake and unsuitable cooking techniques long termShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1188 Words   |  5 Pagesbehaviors adopted by children affect their mental and physical health. Studies have shown that there is a li nk between what children see in advertisements and the lifestyle choices they make. Studies also showed that children who viewed advertisements showing healthy eating were more likely to engage in healthy eating habits (Carter and Maria). There are large amounts of advertisements for foods and drinks high in fat and sugar. Many studies show that there is a link between childhood obesity and advertisingRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effect On Children1273 Words   |  6 Pagesincline, childhood obesity is one of the most important issue. Often times, parents are willing to do anything for their child with the idea that it is â€Å"healthy.† When they figure out that not everything is healthy, some even take efforts to sue the company. Parents do not realize the underlying factors that cause this type of obesity. Childhood obesity can be a result of many factors in this upcoming society. Many consider genetics and hormonal development as a proof for childhood obesity. Howe verRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1727 Words   |  7 PagesEnding Childhood Obesity Juanita was born at an average weight of six pounds, but now at 10-months-old she weights a whopping 44 pounds. Juanita has gained over seven times her original weight and is at the weight of an average five year old. Doctors say by age two or three Juanita could develop type two diabetes (She Was Just Ten Months). Unfortunately, this is not a rare for many children all over the world; many children suffer from the exact same situation Juanita has been put into. ChildhoodRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1093 Words   |  5 Pages Obesity is a serious, sometimes fatal condition in which a person is significantly overweight for his or her age and height. Many children suffer from this condition all over the world. Childhood obesity is one of the most increasing health threats that the United States faces. Many researchers ask how children get to be so overly obese and unhealthy. They have come up with ways to somehow prevent it; however, the rates of the growing d isease have grown rapidly over the years. It causes many problemsRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children Essay1645 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity introduce In addition to the physical harm, obesity and negative psychological impact on children. This is a high risk factors of childhood obesity, which can lead to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obese children always lower than that of healthy children intelligence and operators. Their activities, learning and communication ability is very low, and their depression and low self-esteem can make the children s sensitivity to interpersonalRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children985 Words   |  4 Pagesprevalence among preschool-aged children, obesity among children is still too high. For children and adolescents aged 2-19 years, the prevalence of obesity has remained fairly stable at about 17% and affects about 12.7 million children and adolescents for the past decade (CDC). Childhood obesity does not only affect children, but also has many long term health effects on our children as they get older, including, an increased risk of ty pe 2 diabetes in both childhood and adulthood. (2). ResearchersRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children920 Words   |  4 PagesAccess to fresh fruits, vegetables and nutritious meals is an important component in combating childhood obesity. Socioeconomic conditions can limit access to quality food for many children. Without the ability to consume nutritious, low calorie food portions children are at risk for developing health conditions. In 2011, 20.6% of households with children in the U.S. have experienced food insecurity and it has been associated with negative health and development outcomes including more frequentRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children945 Words   |  4 PagesDid you know that childhood obesity has tripled in last 30 years? According to Spark, a web site about childhood obesity, a child is considered obese if their BMI(Body Mass Index) is 30 or higher. This is a serious medical condition. It can lead to a variety of serious diseases and have physiological and psycological impact on the children, moreover it can cause issues in their social lives. Childhood obesity is prevalent in both developed and developing countries. Home, schools, and the communityRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effect On Children1614 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Obesity has become one of the leading causes of death in our nation today. Sadly, our society in whole is one of the heaviest. Putting an emp hasis on the fact that â€Å"obesity rates among children of all ages are dramatically higher then they were a generation ago† (Green). Society has made it, with little to no trouble, that kids can get what they want, when they want it. Children are unaware of the harm and trauma they are putting their bodies through at such a young age. Childhood obesityRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States, the busiest country on over the world, is being threatened by the obesity, especially children. Compare with the past 30 years, in 2012, the number of children are obese increases doubled (Childhood Obesity Facts). The major elements that lead to the childhood obesity not only come from the invisible factor are family’s gene, but also the environment grow them up as school and the influence of technology in the modern society. But if the parent and school have a positive behavior

Cyp development free essay sample

Explain the factors that need to be taken into account when assessing development. 1. 3 Explain the selection of the assessment methods used Assessing children and young peoples needs has to be done sensitively and accurately. There are a number of factors to be considered. * Confidentiality and consent * Childrens wishes and feelings * Ethnic, linguistic and cultural background * Disability or specific requirements * Reliability of information * Avoiding bias * Open and closed recording methods Mixing methods of observation, technique, ways of collection When assessing a child you must be careful to take into account confidentiality before carrying out an observation you must have parents and the settings permission and not to leave confidential material lying around they must be secured in a locked cabinet. Only talk to authorized personal about confidential material. This confidentially can only be broken when a child is at real risk. When carrying out observations you must take a ccount of the child’s wishes and feelings if a child is upset or wants you to stop then you must stop. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyp development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ethnic, cultural and linguistic backgrounds when we asses a child we must take account as these can play important roles in how the children acts and the understanding of the words being used. Disability or specific requirements need to be taken in account when carrying out any assessment /observation or a child can be underestimated and the observation will be unreliable. Reliability of information no one can get an accurate picture of development if the information is not accurate this can harm the child’s development and the underestimating of their potential. With observation we must understand the limitations of each type of observation method. Avoiding bias when observing children we must remain completely objective also having 2 people observing the child at the same time can produce a more accurate account. I think it’s really important to observe a child in a range of different context and environments, in order to gain a holistic picture of their abilities and needs. This would be at home or in their education setting. Observing them individually, within a quiet environment but also in a larger group to see how they cope with other children. Also observing them within a free play activity is to see if they can move themselves around different activities or get stuck in one place. We can observe their natural interests, the social communication, understanding of language, eating and drinking and their fine and gross motor skills, sensory skills, behaviour. Observations should document what the child has achieved not what they have failed to do. Some practitioners prefer to make observational notes in a notebook and to organize these into written observations later. This system can offer a valuable opportunity for reflection. However, practitioners should guard against spending long periods rewriting large amounts of material. Short observations recorded straight onto white sticky labels are easily transferred into individual profiles and can save a lot of time. An observation format may include sections such as: * Name: This should include the surname where first names are duplicated in the setting; * Date: Day, month and year. It may also be appropriate to include the time or duration; * Context: Adult-led? Child-initiated? Independent? Working with/alongside other children? Which area of provision? * Key area of learning; * Adults observation; * Child’s comments these can offer a very useful, further insight into learning. Observations of child development can be recorded in: * Written records to record details of what the child does and says, and more importantly how the child does and says things. * Audio tape recordings to record details of spoken language, tone of voice and other sounds. * Video recordings to record details of what is seen and heard of the childs development. Observation techniques Different observation techniques help to focus the observation so appropriate data is collected and presented in meaningful ways. * Anecdotal This is a written narrative that tells the story as it happens. Observations can be of planned activities, but spontaneous observations can show surprising things about a childs development that might never be seen. * Schedules It is helpful to research the area of development before observing. A pre-planned development checklist helps to focus the observation, but can be limited unless individual details are recorded. Charts and Pictograms Charts and pictures can present observation data in colourful ways to make your portfolio appear more interesting. * Time sampling Observations of children are recorded at fixed regular intervals of time to note what is happening at that moment. For example childrens play during a morning can be recorded every 15 minutes. * Event sampling- Observations focus on particular events to build up a pattern of a childs behaviour over a period of days or weeks. For example to discover what provokes tantrums, or how a child reacts to leaving their carer at the start of each day in nursery. * Target child A series of observations to give a picture of an individual childs holistic development. A baby will change rapidly during your time in placement and a longitudinal study of a childs development over several months is fascinating. 2. 3 Explain the importance of a person centred and inclusive approach and give examples of how this is implemented in own work. The importance of a person centred and inclusive approach is your looking at the individual child and the needs of that child. By working in a person centred, inclusive we’re are looking at the whole person, their abilities, strengths, interests and learning style, as well as any learning needs or disabilities. The national framework for Every Child Matters (Children’s Act 2004) was set up to support children or young people to ensure the joining up of services to ensure that each individual achieves the five Every child Matters Outcomes which offer support to children to enable them to be; * Healthy. Stay safe. * Enjoy and achieve. * Make a positive contribution. * Achieve economic well-being. My setting works with many outside agencies in order that the individual child has in place all they need to be included in all aspects of the school day. We have several children within our school who have different needs and they are assessed individually so they can be given t he correct resources or 1:1 support in order for them to achieve their own individual goals. Some children will have an Individual Education Plan (IEP) which will set out what they aim to achieve within a set time frame with support (Teaching Assistants or our setting introduced the key person system at reception classes) other children may need the school grounds to be adapted we have adapted our school in order for the child to gain access around the school ground so things like ramps in place and hygiene suit. Some children will require specialist equipment to help with their education and development anything from large keyboards to hoists. It’s all about the needs of the individual child; some children may need the activity adapted to enable them to take part. Plans that involve supporting an individual should be focused on their needs and interests and wherever possible we should involve them in the planning process. Children’s wishes should be taken into account during decision making to give them a sense of belonging and not to be made to feel as though its them who’s to blame. This should be done in a sensitive manner and they should be listened to and used to find out how they are feeling and what they would like. Sometimes although not very often young children may even be involved in more serious issues including their own protection, this can be difficult if a child is very young or if a child has barriers that stop them communicating. A child centred approach allows the child, young person to think, experience, explore, question and explore for answers in the direction of play that they wish to experience rather than me directing play. By being person centred and inclusive I’m not restrictive, but I allow for learning opportunities that suit the child because I plan and target set with them. This creates a closer match between the child and the curriculum, allowing them to learn and develop at their own level and build on their knowledge. 3. 1 Explain the features of an environment or service that promotes the development of children and young people. Our outdoor and indoor play areas are stimulating and attractive to children to encourage them to use their senses to learn, there are plenty of play opportunities provided. We keep the areas interesting and visually appealing. We are well planned and organised around the children, we have areas which challenge, keep children’s interests, and meet children’s needs , as every child is unique they have their own needs, personality and interests these are planned and organised for. There are, planned and spontaneous plays water, sand, dough, paint, books, role play, construction, gross motor play space sit amp; rides, climbing frames, ball games, table top areas, features on walls windows, shelving, display boards, posters, features on ceilings mobiles, curtain rails, toilet area sinks, hygiene products such as soap and air hands drier. All these areas provide opportunities for play and learning, and supports childrens development in movement amp; rest. EYFS requires settings to personalise the activity and play opportunities for children in ways which are inclusive. Making us think about what is assessable for children as well as what is available for children. EYFS also requires that we encourage children to participate. We have to look at ways of helping children learn about valuing others, promoting equality, diversity and inclusion. The setting must also meet EYFS statutory framework, health and safety legislation child protection, safeguarding of children, all the children’s acts. The setting has policies and procedures that need to be reviewed updated and evaluated to check effectiveness. The setting needs to give children varied and new opportunities to play to keep children’s interest and to get staff thinking of fun new ideas. We plan around the individual and group needs of our children with the daily activities. We assess risk to keep the children safe and give adult supervision at all times but this means we have to encourage children to evaluate risk for themselves and give them some challenging activities. Parents and carers are always welcome to help and observe their children. 4. 1 Explain how own working practice can affect children and young people’s development. My wrong working practice/ ignorance/lack of knowledge/laziness can affect children development in many ways. As a practitioner it’s my duty is to know and maintain correctly procedure and setting policies to keep the children safe and healthy, to support the children welfare and the setting aims. As an example if I am not aware of any specific child problem with allergies and I give that child some allergic food that will affect that child health. My knowledge of child development is helping me doing observations and assessments I’ll be able to plan for the individual child, and their needs by adapting activities for meeting all the children needs socially, emotionally, physically and intellectually. Also children need to be challenged if the work they are given is to easy they will become bored. The way I am with children, what I am saying, how I am being good role model all those are affecting children behaviour and development. If I shout all the time or being grumpy this would then make the children feel they could not approach me and they may sit not understanding what has been asked of them for fear of being shouted at. I think it’s very important to have professional ability to recognise when and where children’s development isn’t quite as expected and know referral procedures that provide support for a child’s indentified needs. I like children and I have empathy for them and in my opinion a good practitioner need to have ability to continue to learn and reflect if really like and want to work with children, they deserve the best. 4. 2 Explain how institutions, agencies and services can affect children and young people’s development. There are many institutions, agencies and services that can affect a child’s or young person’s development. These include social workers, speech and language therapists, paediatricians, voluntary organisations such as NSPCC, behavioural support services. These all help to support a child’s development. A SENCO is the person within the setting that helps identify special education needs and then may organise additional support from outside agencies. An early year’s worker can help children under the age of five with special needs by working with parents or careers in their own home. The early year’s worker assesses the child, discusses the area of learning and agrees the steps to be taken with the parents where the parents have the responsibility to carry these out. The early years people can positively intervene the better it is for the child’s chances to change and be able to lead a normal happy life. If they are not met that child might also suffer bullying from other children, difficulties accessing the curriculum and therefore not achieving their full potential at their setting or school, they can become bored/disaffected. Speech and language can help children overcome most of their problems. By helping children gain the ability to use language they can help children gain confidence and self esteem I have seen this in my setting with children who have had communication and language needs. These children have gained confidence and their language is now at a level that they can interact with other children and not show frustration. This is because they can now express themselves. The SENCO in an educational setting give support to children and families with special needs. Additional learning support staff works within and outside schools providing a range of services to help children who have specific educational needs. This might include people like teaching assistants or advisors to provide support and train staff. Youth justice this is based on children with behavioural problems these people will work with them and social workers to help them. Social workers are there to help vulnerable children and young people and their families this might include children on the child protection register or disabled children. Psychologist is a professional who helps support children who have learning or behavioural difficulties. They provide teachers and practitioners with aimed support programmes for that child once they have identified the child’s needs. A specialist nurse provides support for the family and child especially if that child suffers from medical conditions that need specialist care. Also health visitors come under this title for measuring and assessing a child’s development . A psychiatrists is a doctor who is trained in mental health problems this person works alongside other professionals to help diagnose or support children and young people with mental health problems. Physiotherapist this professional help children with their movement especially those who have little or no movement they are trained to get the maximum movement and skill level. 5. 2 Evaluate different approaches to support positive behavior. Approaches to support positive behaviour| Strengths Weaknesses| Providing an alternative ( not to be confused with a reward, e. g. if you complete this task now, later on you can ) | Ensures set work is completed. Avoids confrontation. Sets out clear expectations. Motivating. | Other children may be jealous or misinterpret it as a reward and misbehave to gain similar treatment. May cause more work in terms of providing alternative. | Tactical ignor ing of negative behaviour | Child learns that they will only receive attention for positive behaviour and adjust accordingly. | Only works if negative behaviour is a result of attention seeking. Very disruptive to teaching and environment. Other children may try to copy behaviour. | Distraction | Takes child’s mind off trigger for negative behaviour. Provides a means of exhibiting positive behaviour and thus praise and rewards. | Child may be resistant and therefore situation could escalate. May require thought and planning. | Positive reinforcement | Encourages children to repeat positive behaviours. Gives children an incentive to behave in a positive way. Is tangible and achievable to all. | If used too frequently or not frequently enough can lose their incentive. May not appeal/work for older children. Dependent on timing – if you miss the positive behaviour the child may feel ignored. | Time out | It does allow the child to calm down, as well as to discourage inappropriate behaviour. The procedure has been recommended as a time for parents to separate feelings of anger toward the child for their misbehaviour, replacing yelling with a calmer and more predictable approach. | The child should be old enough to sit still and is required to remain there for a fixed period. Time out should not be used as a punishment; otherwise children are likely to feel excluded.

This Earth of Mankind

Introduction Minke is the name derived by the author to develop the ideas of nationalism. The artwork is intertwined with the author’s role in the revolution that sorts to end the era of colonization. The thoughts and philosophies of the author have been outlined through this character. The novel is written in an indentation language. This is because he wants to contribute in national building and in building a sense of identity to the natives.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on This Earth of Mankind specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The language is the unifying factor to various individuals who came from different groups. This essay examines Minke’s evolvement from a colonial puppet to a national and patriotic Javanese. He is depicted as the force that seeks to chase colonialism and establish freedom of the natives. Minke and the Dutch colonial education Minke studied in an environment with obsolete love and harshness due to his blood line. Apparently, learning in an institution where a person does not have friends could be tough. Unfortunately, Minke studied in Hogere Burger School where he was disrespected due to his native blood. However, we cannot ignore the point that he was determined and eloquent to fight external and internal problems towards the end. According to this book, Minke was disliked because of the blood flowing in his vein that was not European. It, therefore, appears that he developed characters from the education field that triggered his mind to hate Europeans. Consequently, he realized that the colonizer were unfair to the natives. This influenced him to establish a character of loving the oppressed community and hating the colonizers. Minkes education offered him a chance to arise and fight the injustices inflicted to the natives. This, also, facilitated clarity of his voice to the people through the art of writing. It could be expected that the rigidity and toughness dominating Minke would be absent without education. The first phase of ‘This Earth of Mankind’ has outlined some of the modernity associated with Europeans. The author presents Minke as a great admirer of these modern ways. He is mesmerized by the discovery of a train and the concept of globalization that is facilitated by the utilization of a telegram. Minke seems honored to be admitted in a school that is a reserve for the European children. He takes charge as a member of privilege and modernized society such as the colonizers. To culminate his imagination, Minke aspires prospering as a senior member of the Dutch administration in his native land. In addition, he disregards his tradition by viewing the superiority of the European over the native (Ashcroft 314).Advertising Looking for critical writing on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of Minke’s teachers seems to have a d ifferent thought. In the book, Minke seems to have irritated the teacher by virtual of his background. The teacher calls him Minke which presumably was a name that could be coined from the word monkey. However, Minke is a privileged indigenous person for being admitted in a European school. In fact, the teacher questioned his presence in school because they thought he was out of place. Minke as the Colonial Doubling Minke is presented as a bright student with a bright future. His teacher is depicted to have assimilated the young mind into the thought that Europeans are superior to the natives. In the first novel, Hurgronje project is viewed as a success since the project effectively manages to civilize the native. Minke feeling of being privilege is further showcases. In addition, some two other students who are of European origin find it unbelievable to find an indigenous person being a student at a European school. The author furthers Minke character by depicting him as an admirer of the success of Hurgronje project and also he feels as part of the project. Minke’s mother observes her son’s hybridization. She rebukes the young man and critics him openly for abandoning his native ways. She calls him a dark skinned Dutch and suspects that he has converted to Christianity. The speeches of Minke counter the utterances of his mother directly and without restraint. He meant to counter her accusation and justify his action. These behaviors were not allowed in the Javanese community. This was a sign of disrespect to an elder. In his defense, Minke tells his mother that he still reads Javanese epics. However, he sees them as inferior since they encouraged people to be defeated. This phenomenon outlines how he had deviating from his indigenous way of life. The assimilation into European culture is manifested in his developed talent. Minke is a prolific author who writes short stories and publishes them in the local dairies. The articles are written in Du tch language insinuating that Dutch has become his preferred language in both instruction and the way of life. This action separates him from his community and statesmen.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on This Earth of Mankind specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author, therefore, introduces an intriguing phenomenon. Although Minke best friend is not a native, he feels sorry for Minke in consideration to his view on people and their way of life. His writings were read by the people who understood Dutch only. This means that his writing did not benefit his own people. Minke’s friend tried to intervene and encourage Minke to apply his native language. However, this offended Minke since he was convinced that his individuality interlocked to his writing. Therefore, separating the two aspects would demean his purpose. The foreign language that Minke adopted was involved in modifying his character. In addition, it is fundamental to argue that this was the intended purpose of the colonial education. The colonialists were aware that control of economics and political activities were not achievable without controlling the indigenous way of thinking. Consequently, they hoped to control natives through the language and consequent education. This was targeted at taking charge of the element that defines their identity. Language enslaved natives since it was the key of controlling command. In addition, the colonizers knew that controlling the oral language was tedious and hard to archive. Therefore, they opted to capture the natives through the written language. In this context, Minke has adopted the Dutch way of life fully and preferred their tastes. Minke’s parent could not bring him into the native way of life. This advances the concept that the colonizers not only seek to develop a system aiming to repress the native cultures, but also seeks to create a situation to develop cultural detachment from the traditional ways. This is done through assimilation or by separating the masses from their elites. Minke disregards the French revolution and calls it ‘decoration’. Minke claims that he was not motivated by the spirit and the intention of the revolution (Foulche 214). To culminate his disregard on the natives, he demands the use of high Javanese due to his social status. Minke Reconversion Minke is entangled in a judicial process with Mauritis. The contest turns to be more of a rational contest than a legal proceeding. The colonial prosecutor takes sides by being biased in favors of the fellow colonial individual.Advertising Looking for critical writing on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The judge and the prosecutor questioned the validity of the marriage between Minke and Nyai because they came from different racial backgrounds. Herman won the case and was appointed to be the trustee of Annelies. This educated Minke on the existence of identity politics in the colonial era. The court nullifies their marriage since it does not recognize the Islamic law. The court reveals limited thought of the colonial power. In a conversation with Nyamai, Minke realized that the colonial court had robbed the freedom of natives. Minke acknowledges that the concept is not covered in the colonial school or book. He, therefore, recognizes the need to oppose colonial masters for their uncivil behavior. From the Martian theory, Minke is depicted to have gone thought the three phases of this theory. Fanon suggested that the development and evolution of the colonized people happened in three phases (Fanon 213). In the first phase, the colonized intellectuals were inculcated in the colonize r’s way of life successfully. The second stipulates that the native intellectuals were disturbed by Minke’s alienations from the natives. Lastly, the third phase stipulates that the intellectuals returned like awakeners to the people (Fanon 214). Analyzing Minke under the Fanon theory, he has passed the two stages of the theory. Minke’s best friend introduced him to Kommer who was an editor. Kommer enlightens Minke about the role of native individuals in regard to liberating his people. Kommer suggested that Minke should apply his native language in the writing talent. In addition, he educated him that the use of Malay language is a sign of identification that links him to his people. The educator described it as a sign of his love for natives. Kommer’s advises provoked his conscience and developed the desire to understand his own people. The author depicts Minke to have made a life-defining discovery that had been taken away from his classroom education. Despite the European knowledge Minke had acquired from the school, information existing in a society was uncovered in class. This was only achievable from interaction with natives. Minke’s lessons are, also, enhanced by Mei who was the second wife. Mei narrated that some Europeans had caused serious trouble and pain to other people especially non-Europeans. Minke agrees that the information was not disseminated in schools (Foulcher 178). Minke, therefore, questioned the honesty and goodwill of the European education. After the death of his wife, Minke saw the need of meeting with an elite native. Bupati was a well-educated man who was part of the Hurgronje program. Bupati had an intact culture that was opposed to the character of Minke. He expected him to be a civil man. Minke realized that the project was developed to address the needs of the European government but not the issue of native development. Conclusion Minke and fellow native intellectuals came up with Saret Priy ayi. They managed to establish Medan. These journals are run by the natives. In addition, they failed to welcome outsiders directly. Afterwards, Minke took part in founding Boedi Oetomo. This was his last act to exempt from the colonial power that was denouncing his position in the colonial government. At this point, he had gone through the three stages of Fanon theory. He was seen to have succeeded in inspiring the thought of nationalism in his people. Works Cited Ashcroft, Bill. Post-colonial Studies: The Key Concept. London: Routledge, 2002. Print. Fanon, Frantz. Post colonialism: Critical Concept in Literacy and cultural Studies. London: Diana Brydon, 2000. Print. Foulcher, Keith. On a Roll: Pramoedya and the Post-colonial Transition. Sidney: Quorum Books, 2008. Print. This critical writing on This Earth of Mankind was written and submitted by user Trey Dillon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Jonh Mosby

John Singleton Mosby (1833-1916) John Singleton Mosby other wise known as the â€Å"Gray Ghost† was born in Edgemont Virginia on December 6,1833, into a prosperous slave-holding family. Sickly and spoiled he soon became the target of bullies; this caused him to develop a fiery temper that hid behind his frail looking body. He soon developed an unbending sense of justice and honesty. Although he disliked school. Mosby was bright and well read, He attended the University oh Virginia until he shot a bully, which got him expelled and jailed, His family got him a pardon. In 1855 Mosby was a lawyer he practiced law in Bristol Virginia. In 1857 he met Pauline Clarke and but December they were married. His greatest comfort would always lay with Pauline. Mosby opposed Virginias Secession until the war started .He entered the confederate service as part of the militia company that became part of the 1st Virginia Cavalry, Untill he came into conflict with his units Colonel† Grumble Jones† and the joined J.E.B Stuarts staff as a scout. During the Peninsula Campaign he paved the way for Stuart’s famous ride around McClellan. After a Brief period of captivity in July 1862 he rejoined Stuart and was rewarded with the authority to raise a band of partisans for the service in the Loudoun Valley in northern Virginia. Originally a battalion, his command was raised to a regiment in the last months of war. Between 1863 and 1865 , a 125square mile triangle of northern Virginia encompassing part of the Fauquier and loudoun counties was so firmly under the control of Col.Mosby’s 43rd Virginia cavalry that it became known simply as â€Å"Mosby’s Confederacy â€Å" Mosbys guerrilla fighters were known as the â€Å"Partisan Rangers† or â€Å"Mosby’s Rangers†. Supported by loyal civilians, Mosby and his guerrilla fighters blew up trains and bridges and harassed genera Philips Sheridan’s supply lines so effectively ... Free Essays on Jonh Mosby Free Essays on Jonh Mosby John Singleton Mosby (1833-1916) John Singleton Mosby other wise known as the â€Å"Gray Ghost† was born in Edgemont Virginia on December 6,1833, into a prosperous slave-holding family. Sickly and spoiled he soon became the target of bullies; this caused him to develop a fiery temper that hid behind his frail looking body. He soon developed an unbending sense of justice and honesty. Although he disliked school. Mosby was bright and well read, He attended the University oh Virginia until he shot a bully, which got him expelled and jailed, His family got him a pardon. In 1855 Mosby was a lawyer he practiced law in Bristol Virginia. In 1857 he met Pauline Clarke and but December they were married. His greatest comfort would always lay with Pauline. Mosby opposed Virginias Secession until the war started .He entered the confederate service as part of the militia company that became part of the 1st Virginia Cavalry, Untill he came into conflict with his units Colonel† Grumble Jones† and the joined J.E.B Stuarts staff as a scout. During the Peninsula Campaign he paved the way for Stuart’s famous ride around McClellan. After a Brief period of captivity in July 1862 he rejoined Stuart and was rewarded with the authority to raise a band of partisans for the service in the Loudoun Valley in northern Virginia. Originally a battalion, his command was raised to a regiment in the last months of war. Between 1863 and 1865 , a 125square mile triangle of northern Virginia encompassing part of the Fauquier and loudoun counties was so firmly under the control of Col.Mosby’s 43rd Virginia cavalry that it became known simply as â€Å"Mosby’s Confederacy â€Å" Mosbys guerrilla fighters were known as the â€Å"Partisan Rangers† or â€Å"Mosby’s Rangers†. Supported by loyal civilians, Mosby and his guerrilla fighters blew up trains and bridges and harassed genera Philips Sheridan’s supply lines so effectively ...

Paranoid essays

Paranoid essays Schizoid personality disorder has a complicated past. It was originally conceptualized as the personality type associated with schizophrenia. However, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders states that schizoid personality disorder should not be diagnosed if the pattern of behavior occurs exclusively during the course of schizophrenia. But this does not mean that the two cannot co-occur. Schizoid personality disorder most often co-occurs with schizotypal, paranoid, and avoidance personality disorders. At the turn of the twentieth century, schizoid personality disorder was described as a trait-like variant of schizophrenia. Others described it as shut-in personality, schizoidie, and even as autistic personality. The term schizoid was also used in broader terms to identify socially withdrawn patients who had great difficulty with intimacy and peculiar behavior now associated with schizotypal personality disorder. However schizoid personality disorder can be differentiated from other disorders. Schizoid personality disorder is different from schizotypal personality disorder in that schizotypal personality disorder lacks the cognitive and perceptual distortions that are associated with schizoid personality disorder. It can be distinguished from paranoid personality disorder by the lack of suspiciousness and paranoid ideation. The social isolation of schizoid personalities can be distinguished from that of avoidant personalities by a lack of fear of being embarrassed or found inadequate and an excessive anticipation of rejection. It can be distinguished from autistic disorder but not easily. Milder forms of autistic disorder are very similar to schizoid personality disorder, so differentiation is very difficult. This is also true for aspergers disorder. However, they can be differentiated. Their symptoms both exhibit more severely impaired social interaction and stereotyped b...

Management discussion and analysis of McDonald Company (MD&A) Essay

Management discussion and analysis of McDonald Company (MD&A) - Essay Example McDonald Company is a US based company and has branches worldwide. The company has opened several branches in order to reach out to an ever growing number of customers in other countries. The company aims in opening the branches are to achieve long-term goals, which are maximization of profits and competitiveness in the market (Connolly, 2007 P. 109). When the company has several branches, it is at a better stage of producing products at low cost of production and, therefore, maximizing their profits. In addition, opening several outlets means that other companies will not imitate the company’s product and implement them in their own countries. This enables the company to stay relevant in the market since their products will be unique due to lack of competition. Reference Connolly, B. M. (2007). International Business Finance. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Fried, G., Shapiro, J. S. & DeSchriver, T. (2008). Sport Finance-2nd Edition. New York, NY: Human Kinetics. Question 2 I choose to take an overview of the Management Discussion and Analysis of McDonald Company (MD&A). There are several fascinating things to learn from the company. First, The Company perceives itself as a franchisor and assumes franchising is significant to providing great, locally pertinent client experience as well as driving profitability. Second, McDonald’s revenues include sales by Organization-operated restaurants as well as fees from restaurants managed by franchisees Third, the firm is operated as separate geographic sections.... A, NJ: Pascal Press Question 3 Coast leadership, differentiation, as well as, focus strategies are applicable separately regarding any organization or environment. Any attempt to combine as well as reconciling the three strategies would lead in organizations being stuck along the way. The main reason why the three may not work together is because they differ on various dimensions and brings different requirements. These include resources, industry arrangement, skills, control procedures as well as management method. However, both cost leadership and differentiation strategies are unable to coexist in some firms while reconcilable in other industries. According to various studies done by scholars on manufacturing firms, it is clear that differentiators also engaged variables commonly linked to cost leadership strategy (Brigham et al, 2011 P. 87). Cost leadership strategy on the other side, also showed characteristics normally associated with differentiators. It suggests that there are no pure strategies and that both differentiation, as well as cost leadership, must be taken into consideration. McDonald company is one of American firms that have utilized differentiation strategy. The strategy calls for the creation of both product and service, which offers exclusive attributes, which are treasured by customers. The company learnt that the parent based there purchasing decision mostly on price. The McDonalds marketing executive, therefore, did what was seen as ingenious. They attached a $.50 toy in several of their products including the hamburger, French fries as well as coke. They went ahead, named the product a happy meal, and marketed it to the children. The industry knew that some clients visit its stores only to take a short break from their days work and not

Sports Counsil Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sports Counsil - Assignment Example Furthermore, it argued that it had revoked its offer after the swim had started on 7th July 2011 and sent boats after the swimmers to make it clear to the swimmers that there will not be any prize. They argued that they had used loudspeakers. But, Jennifer said she never heard any announcement particularly due to the bathing cap covering her ears and she was focused on her swimming only. Issue The problem is that Jennifer had accepted the offer made by Sports Council and joined the swimmers in the race. She reached the shore first and was entitled to a prize. However, Sports Council has refused to pay her the promised prize. Questions Related to the Case The following questions arise here that requires critical analysis and legal backup to reach to the advice for Jennifer: Q1. What laws are applicable to Jennifer vs. Sports Council case? Q2. Was the offer made by Sports Council an offer or an invitation to treat? Q3. Was Jennifer’s acceptance of the offer properly communicated to Sports Council? Q4. Is intention to create legal relations integral to creating a valid enforceable contract? Q5. Was there any contract between Jennifer and Sports Council? Q6. Was it a unilateral or bilateral contract? Q7. Was there any consideration? Q8. Was the revocation of the offer valid? Q9. Is Sports Council liable to pay the prize to Jennifer and any other damages in the instance of refusal to pay the prize? Q10. Does UK law provides any remedies to Jennifer in terms of a legal action against Sports Council? Flow of Discussion in the Paper This paper will address the above mentioned questions through the critical analysis of the four alternative grounds relied upon to refuse payment of prize money to Jennifer. The analysis will aim to evaluate each of the alternative ground in the light of United Kingdom’s Contract Law to reach to the conclusion whether these grounds are valid and have any force of law. The conclusion will help in determining the legal position of Jennifer and lay down the future course of action to claim the prize money. Analysis of the Alternative Grounds Relied upon by Sports Council a) The newspaper advertisement was not an offer but a mere puff and there was no intention to create legal relations. Paul Richard has defined offer as â€Å"an expression of a willingness to contract on certain terms made with the intention that a binding agreement will exist once the offer is accepted†1. The first step to formation of a contract is an offer. The offer is made between an offeror and offeree. The offeror shows or expresses a willingness to enter into a contract on certain and definite terms which will come into force and become binding as soon as they have been accepted by the offeree who has been addressed. However, the term â€Å"expression† refer to numerous forms of communicating to the offeree like newspaper, letter or email. It also includes a conduct of an offeror to an offeree that communicates to the latter due to which the offeree is willing to contract with the offeror. The expression can only be objective and not a subjective one. The courts conduct a test to determine whether there was an offer which was accepted to determine whether an agreement existed between both parties. In the leading British case Smith v Hughes (1871) LR 6 QB 597, the court held that: "If, whatever a man's real intention may be, he so conducts himself that a reasonable

Consolidated Life Case-Business Ethics Essay Example for Free

Consolidated Life Case-Business Ethics Essay Consolidated life is a prestigious insurance company however, due to the nature of the establishment the duties required by the worker neither required minimal knowledge nor did you have to have a high level education in order to obtain a position at the company. Mr. Mike Wilson however, obtained a business degree in administration. He was hired by Consolidated Life as simply as you can put a clerical worker. He worked in the policy issue department which main duties included processing or in taking clients orders for insurance, customer service, and client services. One would say that working for them; your performance required little to no creativity. It was the same day-to-day work load. Because it required so little creativity, daily routines were repetitive and can be done basically, with your hands tied to you back. Mike Wilson demonstrated how an effective a leader can be in the workforce rather than just a manager by title. He portrayed in existence of â€Å"high fidelity† which is the best experience you can have in a workplace. In the book Trade Off, by Author Kevin Maney, the word fidelity deals with â€Å"the total experience of something† (Maney, 2009). The author also says that â€Å"aura† can also provides an advantage to fidelity. With that being said Mr. Wilson influenced his co-workers with providing them with incentives and rewards in which they can gain a reward at the end of the task but most importantly he provided the right tools and motivations in order for his employees to work in a positive mind frame. This created a system of mutual bipartisanship between supervisor and employee. Model: based on the Organizational Model Behavior Mikes drive and motivation can be comparable to a person with theory y attributes. The theory Y concept displays how an employees work is as natural as play. Also a person with this characteristic has a huge sense of self-direction and self-control. Mr. Wilson showed this by cultivating a modern management technique that motivated its workers rather than coerced them which a person who you can place in this. Whereas, a person with the characteristics of theory x† carries the opposite attractions. The individual is not seen as enthusiastic about their job. They are mainly threatened or told â€Å"do it or else† and as stated before, lack the ability and drive to overachieve. They usually follow the motto, overpromise-under deliver. Mikes performance ultimately won him a promotion working in the supervisory assignment area. He won this promotion just six weeks after promise. Mike brought a sense of modern culture although it was seen as unorthodox or non-traditional. When comparing the delegation of authority in the levels of management the organization structure clearly shows that the establishment followed an authority oriented program in which Presidents are first to make decisions for the overall â€Å"vision† for the company in which it then trickles down to the VP who implements the President’s strategy by orchestrating a staff of supervisors to oversee the execution. Situation: There seems to be a drastic change to the division in which Mike supervised some time ago. When Mike realized his unhappiness at his new division he sought a remedy for disaster by returning to his old division forcing him under new terms and most importantly, a new boss. The performance value of his once over exceeding staff was now dwindled and unmotivated. The new way in which they worked became stricter and more inflexible. It was stale and there was no aura of high fidelity being promoted. Problems: The problem of this case has to do with mis-delegation of roles and mis-clarification for all parties. Not only that, the fact is the company as a whole has not identified its mission statement for their employees. With that being said the transition from the time Mike left became a tragedy. As stated before, the culture of the environment was slated after Mike left. It became from being a collegial environment to an autocratic environment once new vice president Jack Greely took over. Not only did he change the environment of the company, he basically dismantled the structure and rebuilt it based on his power. Until Mike was promoted the managerial style approach was not identified and supervisors, at this early time wanted a change and that’s why Mike was chosen to become supervisor. However, when Jack took Mike’s former supervisor’s place, the organization became, autocratic. An autocratic person can be defined as an employee that is dependent tot tally on a supervisor. This person has no other desire than to do what is only required out of the task and only the minimum. Usually in an autocratic setting the boss expects pure obedience from their employees and rely straight on authority from higher ups with no regard to any self-drive for themselves and lacks the qualities and abilities to take on initiatives and providing an entrepreneurial attitude about themselves. This can be explained by using the Abraham Maslow’s Theory found in an essay article written by Janet Simmons, Donald Irvin, and Beverly Drinnien which it states he says accordingly â€Å"that the only reason that people would not move well in direction of self-actualization is because of hindrances placed in their way by society† (Janet A. Simons, 1987). Also saying â€Å"We must see that the persons basic needs are satisfied. This includes safety, belongingness, and esteem needs† (Janet A. Simons, 1987) A person in the Consolidated Life organization that can be also skewed towards the autocratic style is Mr. Rick Belkner. Mike’s former boss. This, for lack of a better term, lazy supervisor (whom he was Mikes supervisor initially) illustrated as a person who rather do crossword puzzles during his work shift then to lead by example, what a competent Vice President of their division; shy 40,000 of a six-figure salary. The point was clearly made by Mr. Greely when he assumed that Mikes management style would still be undermined no matter how good of his performance. He even went to the extent of assuring that Mr. Wilson will fail no matter how high you move up in the establishment. It is almost agreeable to say that Mr. Speelys choose of words were not only rude but shows a poor and ineffective leader. Mr. Greely does not seem to be results-driven but ego-driven as his defense for Mikes work style was inarguable and measured his own assumption to Mikes performance rather than just judging an employee on what he does best, his/her performance. Reading how Mike handled it; amazingly enough. In the chart featured on page-You can see simple comparing of the two different types of behavioral patterns by identifying the qualities, organizational and environmental forces that are represented by the 2 behavior patterns. You will see the differences between a workers operating in an autocratic setting versus a person who operates under the collegial or supportive setting(s). By identifying the contrast you are able to see what kind of modifications or structures that would have to be put in place based on a employees attitude. The attitude in which comes from probably stems from personal goal, motivations, or self desires a person may have in their work space. Some individuals dont possess the willingness to achieve and be a leader. Some individual are quite happy with just being an average worker and moving up in the corporate latter is something that does not motivate them. Autocratic Environment Vs. Collegial /System Environment Base Questions for Case 1. Describe ALL the factors that contributed to Mike’s lack of promotion at the end. Was his lack of promotion fair? When Mike left the division, he left the process in which he created, to be altered by the new president upon his departure. The flexible leadership that led to the team success came to a halt when divisional vice president, Jack Greely; who’s reputation was described as tough but fair. Mike accepted the position at the old division again without really investigating the provisions in which he was now to work under. He loss total control when he noticed that co-workers were actually more inclined to follow Mr. Greelys direction because the employees knew the order of hierarchy and knew the consequences of action should one follow anyones demands except for Mr. Greelys. 2. Using your knowledge of culture, explain in detail Consolidated Life’s culture when Mike was first hired and then when he returned. There was a transition in the organization which proved to have opportunities due to the position void. Such example shows that Mike (when he was first hired by Consolidated Life) he was promoted to his position because of the opportunities of change. Mike’s style was not really favored by his â€Å"higher-ups† but because he manages to increase workflow and reduce errors, which created more performance his flexible style was overlook which sends a sign of â€Å"inconsistency†. If you are going to allow a manager to take over the project then let them take over. As long as they don’t compromise the integrity of the company or do anything illegal. 3. What actions could Consolidated Life have taken to prevent Mike’s problems? There should have been more flexibility granted for Mike to effectively coordinate his team. Mr. Wilsons track record clearly shows that as a supervisor he is competent to make educated decisions and lead a staff with ease. An employee is always happy when they are not pressured nor stressed. Most important of all, when a leader shows reciprocity, more than likely there would be a win-win. For Example, Mikes strategy to reward his co-workers in exchange for hard work showed the worker was not working out of vain and in fact he/she was being acknowledged and rewarded for the hard efforts being put forth. 4. Who do you think was at fault for Mike’s problems, Mike or his supervisors (e. g. , Jack) or others? Completely justify your opinion. The fault of Mike problems was his free spirited style which usually offends conservatives. Jack implemented a â€Å"corporate† style setting upon Mike’s return.

Mathematics of the Human Eye :: Math Vision

The Human Eye: Just what exactly goes on in our eye to produce images? Why can't some people see as well as others? Well my friend, look no further... the answers to your 2 most burning questions are about to come! First of all, what happens when we see images? Our eye acts as a simple model of a lens system. The average adult eye is about 25 mm in diameter. As light enters our eye, it is refracted first through the cornea which does about 80% of the refracting. The crystalline lens which is located after the aqueous humour (just under the cornea) approximately contributes the rest. Muscles around the crystyalline lens will contract or expand to adjust to the light rays entering so as to focus them onto the retina, just located at the back of the eye (assuming paraxial light rays). This adjusting process is called accomodation. For people who have no vision problems, all the light rays are focussed onto the retina as it should. Let's call this distance, from where the light enters at the crystalline lens to the retina as f (focal point). For people who don't have 20/20 vision, the light rays entering do not land on the fovea (majority of light rays strike at on the focal plane). People who can see close up objects but not far-sighted images, they're near-sighted. Why can't they see clearly? Well, the light rays that enter their eye is refracted too much and the focal point is located before the retina. Whereas, people who cannot see far away but can see close up objects, are far-sighted. This usually occurs in older people because the crystalline lens grows "stiffer", thus impeding it's ability to accomdate so there is less refraction and the focal point is located behind the retina. To correct both these common vision problems, glasses and contacts redirect the rays so that they may land on the retina. Nearsighted people need a lens system that will diverge the rays so that as it enters the cornea, it will refract light rays onto the fovea. Farsighted people need a lens system that will converge the rays so that as it enters the cornea, it will refract light rays onto the fovea. Astigmatism is also another common vision problem in people these days. When the cornea is irregularly shaped, ie. its' surface is not uniform due to greater thicknesses in certain parts of the cornea, light rays from objects refract all at different rates. Mathematics of the Human Eye :: Math Vision The Human Eye: Just what exactly goes on in our eye to produce images? Why can't some people see as well as others? Well my friend, look no further... the answers to your 2 most burning questions are about to come! First of all, what happens when we see images? Our eye acts as a simple model of a lens system. The average adult eye is about 25 mm in diameter. As light enters our eye, it is refracted first through the cornea which does about 80% of the refracting. The crystalline lens which is located after the aqueous humour (just under the cornea) approximately contributes the rest. Muscles around the crystyalline lens will contract or expand to adjust to the light rays entering so as to focus them onto the retina, just located at the back of the eye (assuming paraxial light rays). This adjusting process is called accomodation. For people who have no vision problems, all the light rays are focussed onto the retina as it should. Let's call this distance, from where the light enters at the crystalline lens to the retina as f (focal point). For people who don't have 20/20 vision, the light rays entering do not land on the fovea (majority of light rays strike at on the focal plane). People who can see close up objects but not far-sighted images, they're near-sighted. Why can't they see clearly? Well, the light rays that enter their eye is refracted too much and the focal point is located before the retina. Whereas, people who cannot see far away but can see close up objects, are far-sighted. This usually occurs in older people because the crystalline lens grows "stiffer", thus impeding it's ability to accomdate so there is less refraction and the focal point is located behind the retina. To correct both these common vision problems, glasses and contacts redirect the rays so that they may land on the retina. Nearsighted people need a lens system that will diverge the rays so that as it enters the cornea, it will refract light rays onto the fovea. Farsighted people need a lens system that will converge the rays so that as it enters the cornea, it will refract light rays onto the fovea. Astigmatism is also another common vision problem in people these days. When the cornea is irregularly shaped, ie. its' surface is not uniform due to greater thicknesses in certain parts of the cornea, light rays from objects refract all at different rates.

Term Paper on Ddbl Mobile Banking. Chittagong Cantonment Public College.

————————————————- 1. 0 Introduction Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL) has for the first time introduced its mobile banking service expanding the banking service from cities to remote areas. â€Å"Mobile banking is an alternative to the traditional banking through which banking service can be reached at the doorsteps of the deprived section of the society,† ————————————————- 1. 1 Origin of the Report This report is an outcome of one month Chittagong Cantonment Public College program prepared as the requirement of BBA program of the school of Business.The work on this report was carried out as Field based Report writing and presentation program on Dutch-Bangla Bank Mobile Banking in Bangladesh at the Mobile Banking Office, Agrabad MB Office, Shah Amir Plaza(1s tFloor),534/535, Sheikh Mujib Road Agrabad , Chittagong. This report is assigned and approved by academic supervisor Mr. Mohammed Abu Taher, Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Chittagong Cantonment Public College. The report is entitled as Field based Report writing and presentation program on Dutch-Bangla Bank Mobile Banking in Bangladesh. ————————————————- . 2 Objective of the study 1. To prepare a formal study on Mobile Banking System in the perspective of Bangladesh. 2. To know the acceptability level of transaction by Mobile Banking by rural people. 3. To find out the way of increasing the operational area of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh. 4. To identify the level of security and confidentiality of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh. 5. To find out the reasons of backwardness of Mobile Banking in rural area of Bangladesh. 6. To find out the remedies of the prob lems to implement mobile banking for rural people ————————————————- . 3 Methodology of the study The methodology exercised for this study is as follows: Types of Data: For this study both primary and secondary data has been used. a) Primary Source: Primary data have been collected form general people and user of cell phone and bank users. In order to collect the detail data, participatory observation method has also been used. b) Secondary Source: Beside primary data, necessary secondary data have been collected from the Newspapers, websites, textbooks, research articles, government publications and various published research works on mobile banking. ———————————————— 1. 4 Limitations of the study Maximum effort was given to make the study a successful one, but it suffers from some limitation those were apparently unavoidably. The major ones were: ? Shortage of time period: The major limitation faced to carry out this project was mainly time constraints. The time constraint of the study hindering the course of vast area and time for preparing a report within the mentioned period is really difficult. ? Secrecy of Management: The authority of DBBL did not disclose much information for keeping the organization confidential.They have restriction to disclose some secrete information to other. So, some data could not been collected for confidentiality or secrecy of management. ? Green field sector: One of the major limitations of this report is that no previous study is done before. So, secondary information was scarce. ? Busy working environment: The officials had some times been unable to provide information because of their huge routine work. That is why we do not gather vast knowledge about the critical issues. It is really difficult to gather data from the place where people do not know me for a long time. Lack of information: In the website, Mobile banking related information was limited. ————————————————- 2. 0 Organizational overview DBBL was the first bank in Bangladesh to be fully automated. The Electronic-Banking Division was established in 2002 to undertake rapid automation and bring modern banking services into this field. Full automation was completed in 2003 and hereby introduced plastic money to the Bangladeshi masses. DBBL also operates the nation's largest ATM fleet and in the process drastically cut consumer costs and fees by 80%.Moreover, DBBL choosing the low profitability route for this sector has surprised many critics. DBBL had pursued the mass automation in Banking as a CSR activity and never intended profitability from this sector. As a result it now provides unrivaled banking technology of ferings to all its customers. Because of this mindset, most local banks have joined DBBL's banking infrastructure instead of pursuing their own. Even with a history of hefty technological investments and an even larger donations, consumer and investor confidence has never waned.Dutch-Bangla Bank stock set the record for the highest share price in the Dhaka Stock Exchange in 2008. ————————————————- 2. 1 Pioneer of Mobile Banking Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL) has for the first time introduced its mobile banking service at 1st April, 2011 & expanding the banking service from cities to remote areas. Bangladesh Bank Governor Atiur Rahman yesterday inaugurated the service by depositing Tk 2,000 and withdrawing Tk 1,500 through Banglalink and Citycell mobile networks in Motijheel area. ———————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€ 2. 2 Achievement of DBBL on Mobile Banking sector Awards received by DBBL for launching best mobile banking services: ————————————————- 2. 3 Agent of DBBL Mobile Banking  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Agents Mobile Banking – Agents : ( Total = 13721 ) Dhaka  Division  ( 5422 )| Chittagong  Division  ( 2368 )| Sylhet  Division  ( 830 )| Barisal  Division  ( 812 )| Rangpur  Division  ( 1489 )| Khulna  Division  ( 1305 )| Rajshahi  Division  ( 1495 )| ————————————————- . 4 DBBL Mobile Banking Model Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL), a technology savvy commercial bank in Bangladesh, started Mobile Banking on 31 March, 2011. DBBL has followed a unique model for deployment of the Mobile Banking in Bangladesh. DBBL model has the following characteristics:| 1| Bank-led model:  DBBL Mobile Banking is a Bank-led model to fulfill the basic banking needs utilizing mobile phones in Bangladesh where only 24% of the adult population has bank accounts, but 60% are using mobile phones.This is contrary to the Mobile Banking in developed countries where almost 100% of the adult people have bank account, and as such there is no need for discharging basic banking activities using mobile phones, rather there is a requirement for the banks to discharge conventional banking services over the existing bank accounts more conveniently using mobile phones. | 2| Vision:  The vision of the DBBL Mobile Banking is to promote Banking to the unbanked (unlike other models in developing countries which promote P2P or ‘Send Money’), and to develop savings habit among the unbanked.Accordingly DBBL Mobile Banking started with and providing highest importance to the registration with proper KYC, Cash-in and C ash-out activities. Other activities like P2P, disbursement of foreign remittance, salary/wages, government’s/other allowances, air-time top-up, buying goods and services etc are considered as the by-product of the basic banking services. | 34| An account, not a wallet:  DBBL Mobile Banking considers the deposit of the customer as balance in his mobile account like balance in the savings or current accounts, not as electronic money or wallet.Four parties involved: DBBL Mobile Banking has involved four parties – Bank, Mobile Network Operators (MNO), Agents and Customers with a commission model to suit each of the parties. The commission charged to the customers is acceptable to them (customers), and at the same time it is motivational for the Bank, MNO and agents to run their respective business. Highest priority is given to the benefits of customers and agents. | 5| Four Cash movement tiers:  Customers can cash-in/cash-out at agents, agents at super agents and the super agents at bank branches. Thus ll the cash is ultimately deposited at a bank branch. To make the transactions convenient, provision has been kept for the customers and agents to perform the transaction directly at bank branches/ATMs. | 6| Four Geographical tiers:  To have better and close supervision on the customers, agents and super agents, develop the mobile banking market, quick and localized data entry during customer registration, and the dispute management, the country has been divided into four tiers – territory, upozila, district and division. | ————————————————- . 5 Number of Customer in Comparison with others. 2. 6 ————————————————- 2. 6 Comparison between DBBL Mobile Banking & bKash SL NO| Service Features| DBBL| Bkash| Remarks for DBBL| 1| Registration | Free| Free| Tk 100/- initial deposit for approbal| 2| Cash in at Bank| Free| N/A| | 3| Cash in at agent| 1%| Free| | 4| Cash out at Branch| Free| N/A| | 5| Cash out at ATM| Free| 2%| | 6| Cash out at agent| 2%| 1. 85%| Expecting to reduce the fee to 1% | 7| Inward Foreign Remittance| Free| N/A| | ———————————————— 3. 1 Mobile banking system Mobile Banking is a Banking process without bank branch which provides financial services to unbanked communities efficiently and at affordable cost. Mobile banking is a term used for performing balance checks, account transactions, payments, credit applications and other banking transactions through a mobile device such as a mobile phone or Personal Digital Assistant. The mobile banking services were offered over SMS, a service known as SMS banking. ————————†”——————— 3. 2 Current situation of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh Mobile banking is a new technology in Bangladesh. Mobile banking is a term used for performing balance checks, account transactions, payment, etc via mobile device such as mobile phones. Most people heard about it but not have a clear idea, almost 94% people heard about mobile banking and 6% haven’t heard about mobile banking. Mobile banking started from 31st March 2011. Dutch Bangla Bank Limited pioneered in mobile banking services in Bangladesh.Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited launched the service in collaboration with mobile phone operators Banglalink, and CityCell. Primarily mobile banking will provide the clients with cash deposit, cash withdrawal, merchant payment, utility payment, salary disbursement, foreign remittance, and fund transfer services. Nine other banks have also been licensed by the Bangladesh Bank to introduce mobile banking. Bangladesh Bank governo r Atiur Rahman inaugurated the service through depositing money in and withdrawing cash from two DBBL-authorized mobile service centers at Naya Paltan and Purana Paltan areas in the city.Mobile banking is a new concept, because of this, it would be a little more expensive for the users. The aim of mobile banking is to bring more people under the umbrella of banking service. Government thinks it has a great prospect as it is a new technology in digital Bangladesh. But in Bangladesh many people think traditionally, because they cannot think it has any facility to use mobile banking. 69% people feel mobile banking has prospect in Bangladesh whereas 31% think it has no prospect in Bangladesh as many people will not feel interest or have belief on mobile banking. ———————————————— 3. 3 DBBL’s Mobile Banking Services and offers a) Customer relation b) Cash deposit c) Cash withdrawal d) Foreign remittance e) Salary disbursement f) Person to person transfer (P2P) g) Air time top up h) Balance inquiry ————————————————- 3. 4 DBBL’s Mobile Banking procedure The users will have to pay a service charge of Tk50 for depositing Tk5,000 and Tk 100 to withdraw the same amount of money.The service charge will be whichever amount is higher between Tk5 and 1 percent of the deposited money at the cash-in end and whichever amount is higher between Tk10 and 2 per cent of the money withdrawn from the cash-out end. Any Banglalink, airtel or CityCell mobile user can register as a recipient of the service by paying a Tk10 fee to any authorized agent point of the DBBL or any retailer of CityCell, airtel and Banglalink. After registration, the users will be given a personal identification number and a check digit ranging from one to nine which will be added to his/her mobile number that will act as security measures.Every user will need his/her mobile set, check digit and PIN for making any transaction. â€Å"Customer’s money is safe as no one can withdraw money without taking possession of the mobile set, PIN and the check digit all together, no one will be able to deposit unwanted money into a mobile banking account without knowing the check digit, although the mobile number is publicly known. † The mobile banking is a part of digitalizing the banking sector and the central bank’s plan to bring the masses under financial inclusion. ———————————————— 3. 5 Future prospect of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh Based on the ‘International Review of Business Research Papers' from World business Institute, Australia, following are the key functional trends possible in world of Mobile Banking. With the advent of technology and increasing use of smart phone and tablet based devices, the use of Mobile Banking functionality would enable customer connect across entire customer life cycle much comprehensively than before.With this scenario, current mobile banking objectives of say building relationships, reducing cost, achieving new revenue stream will transform to enable new objectives targeting higher level goals such as building brand of the banking organization. Emerging technology and functionalities would enable to create new ways of lead generation, prospecting as well as developing deep customer relationship and mobile banking world would achieve superior customer experience with bi-directional communications. Illustration of objective based functionality enrichment In Mobile Banking Communication enrichment: – Video Interaction with agents, advisors. * Pervasive Transactions capabilities: – Comprehensive â€Å"Mobile wallet† * Customer Education: – â€Å" Test drive† for demos of banking services. * Connect with new customer segment: – Connect with Gen Y – Gen Z using games and social network ambushed to surrogate bank’s offerings. * Content monetization: – Micro level revenue themes such as music, e-book download . * Vertical positioning: – Positioning offerings over mobile banking specific industries. * Horizontal positioning: – Positioning offerings over mobile banking across all the industries. ———————————————— 3. 6 History of Mobile Banking in Abroad Improving access to financial services, such as savings, deposits, insurance and remittances, is vital to reducing poverty. Savings can help poor people to invest in productive assets like livestock, a loan may help to expand business activities, and insurance can provide income for a family if a breadwinner becomes sick. In many developing countries, however, 9 out of 10 people do not have a bank account or access to basic financial services.Poor people are often not considered viable customers by the formal financial sector as their transaction sizes are small, and many live in remote areas beyond the reach of banks branch networks. Informal banking services such as microfinance and village savings and loan associations remain limited in their reach. The first mobile banking and payment initiatives were announced during 1999 (the same year that Fundamental deployed their first prototype). The first major deployment was made by a company called Pay box (largely supported financially by Deutsche Bank).The company was founded by two young German’s (Mathias Entemann and Eckart Ortwein) and successfully deployed the solution in Germany, Austria, Sweden, Spain and the UK. At about 2003 more than a million people were registered on Pay box and the company was rated by Gartner as the leader in the fiel d. Unfortunately Deutsche Bank withdraws their financial support and the company had to reorganize quickly. All but the operations in Austria closed down. Another early starter and also identified as a leader in the field was a Spanish initiative (backed by BBVA and Telephonica), called Mobi Pago.The name was later changed to Mobi Pay and all banks and mobile operators in Spain were invited to join. The product was launched in 2003 and many retailers were acquired to accept the special USSD payment confirmation. Because of the complex shareholding and the constant political challenges of the different owners, the product never fulfilled the promise that it had. With no marketing support and no compelling reason for adoption, this initiative is floundering at the moment. Many other large players announced initiatives and ran pilots with big fanfare, but never showed traction and all initiatives were ultimately discontinued.Some of the early examples are the famous vending machines at the Helsinki airport supported by a system from Nokia. Siemens made announcements in conjunction with listed and high-flying German e-commerce company, Brokat. Brokat also won the lucrative Vodafone contract in 2002, but crashed soon afterwards when it runs out of funds. Israel (as can be expected) produced a large number of mobile payment start-ups. Of the many, only one survived – Trivnet. Others like Adamtech (with a technically sound solution called Cell pay) and Paytt disappeared after a number of pilots but without any successful production deployments.Initiatives in Norway, Sweden and France never got traction. France Telecom launched an ambitious product based on a special mobile phone with an integrated card reader. The solution worked well, but never became popular because of the unattractive, special phone that participants needed in order to perform these payments. Since 2004, mobile banking and payment industry has come of age. Successful deployments with positi ve business cases and big strategic impact have been seen recently. 3. 7 ————————————————- Mobile Banking servicesMobile banking can offer service such as the following: Account information: i. Mini- statement and checking of account history ii. Alerts on account activity or passing of set thresholds iii. Monitoring of term deposits iv. Access to loan statements v. Access to card statements vi. Mutual funds/equity statement vii. Insurance policy management viii. Pension plan management ix. Status on cheque, stop payment on cheque. Payment and transfers: i. Domestic and international fund transfers ii. Micro-payment handling iii. Mobile recharging iv. Commercial payment processing v. Bill payment processing i. Person to Person payment Investment: i. Portfolio management service ii. Real-time stock quotes iii. Personalized alerts and notification on security prices Support: i. Status of request for credit including mortgage approval, and insurance ii. Coverage iii. Check (cheque) book and card requests iv. Exchange of data messages and email, including complaint submission and tracking v. ATM location Content service: i. General information such as weather up dates, news ii. Loyalty-related offers iii. Location-based services ————————————————- . 8 Basic Mobile Banking Technologies There are four fundamental approaches to mobile banking. The first two rely on technologies that are standard features on almost all cell phones. Interactive Voice Response (IVR): If we have ever called our credit card issuer and meander through a confusion of prompts — â€Å"For English, press 1; for account information, press 2† – then you’re familiar with interactive voice response. In mobile banking, it works like this: Banks advertis e a set of numbers to their customers. a) Customers dial an IVR number on their mobile phones. ) They are greeted by a stored electronic message followed by a menu of options. c) Customers select an option by pressing the corresponding number on their keypads. d) A text-to-speech program reads out the desired information. IVR is the least sophisticated and the least â€Å"mobile† of all the solutions. In fact, it doesn’t require a mobile phone at all. It also only allows for inquiry-based transactions, so customers can’t use it for more advanced services. ————————————————- 3. 9 Mobile Banking Business Model Banking models is evolving.If mobile banking is being used to attract low-income populations in often rural locations, the business model will depend on banking type. These models differ primarily on the question that who will establish the relation ship (account opening, deposit taking, lending etc. ) to the end customer. Bank-focused model The bank-focused model emerges when a traditional bank uses non-traditional low-cost delivery channels to provide banking services to its existing customers. Example: range from use of automatic teller machines (ATMs) to internet banking or mobile phone banking to provide certain limited banking services to bank’s customers.Bank-led model The bank-led model offers a distinct alternative to conventional branch-based banking in that customer conducts financial transactions through mobile phone instead of at bank branches or through bank employees. This model promises the potential to substantially increase the financial services outreach by using retailers or mobile phones. Non-bank-led model The non-bank-led model is where a bank has a limited role in the day-to-day account management. Typically its role in this model is limited to safe-keeping of funds.Account management functions ar e conducted by a non-bank who has direct contact with individual customers. ————————————————- 3. 10 Advantage of Mobile Banking The biggest advantage that mobile banking offers to banks is that it drastically cuts down the costs of providing service to the customers. For example an average teller or phone transaction costs about $2. 36 each, whereas an electronic transaction costs only about $0. 10 each. Additionally, this new channel gives the bank ability to cross-sell up-sell their other complex banking products and services such as vehicle loans, credit cards etc.For service providers, Mobile banking offers the next surest way to achieve growth. Countries like Korea where mobile penetration is nearing saturation, mobile banking is helping service providers increase revenues from the now static subscriber base. Service providers are increasingly using the complexity of their supported mobile banking services to attract new customers and retain old ones. A very effective way of improving customer service could be to inform customers better. Credit card fraud is one such area.A bank could, through the use of mobile technology, inform owners each time purchases above a certain value have been made on their card. This way the owner is always informed when their card is used, and how much money was taken for each transaction. Similarly, the bank could remind customers of outstanding loan repayment dates, dates for the payment of monthly installments or simply tell them that a bill has been presented and is up for payment. The customers can then check their balance on the phone and authorize the required amounts for payment. The customers can also request for additional information.They can automatically view deposits and withdrawals as they occur and also pre- schedule payments to be made or cheques to be issued. Similarly, one could also request for s ervices like stop cheque or issue of a cheque book over one’s mobile phone. There are number of reasons that should persuade banks in favor of mobile phones. They are set to become a crucial part of the total banking services experience for the customers. Also, they have the potential to bring down costs for the bank itself. Through mobile messaging and other such interfaces, banks provide value added services to the customer at marginal costs.Such messages also bear the virtue of being targeted and personal making the services offered more effective. They will also carry better results on account of better customer profiling. Yet another benefit is the anywhere/anytime characteristics of mobile services. A mobile is almost always with the customer. As such it can be used over a vast geographical area. The customer does not have to visit the bank ATM or a branch to avail of the bank’s services. Research indicates that the number of footfalls at a bank’s branch h as fallen down drastically after the installation of ATMs.As such with mobile services, a bank will need to hire even less employees as people will no longer need to visit bank branches apart from certain occasions. With Indian telecom operators working on offering services like money transaction over a mobile, it may soon be possible for a bank to offer phone based credit systems. This will make credit cards redundant and also aid in checking credit card fraud apart from offering enhanced customer convenience. The use of mobile technologies is thus a winwin proposition for both the banks and the bank’s customers.The banks add to this personalized communication through the process of automation. For instance, if the customer asks for his account or card balance after conducting a transaction, the installed software can send him an automated reply informing of the same. These automated replies thus save the bank the need to hire additional employees for servicing customer need s. ————————————————- 3. 11 Disadvantage of Mobile Banking Security: Security experts generally agree that mobile banking is safer than computer banking because very few viruses and Trojans exist for phones.That does not mean mobile banking is immune to security threats, however. Mobile users are especially susceptible to a phishing-like scam called â€Å"smishing. † It happens when a mobile banking user receives a fake text message asking for bank account details from a hacker posing as a financial institution. Many people have fallen for this trick and had money stolen through this scam. Online banking is usually done through an encrypted connection so that hackers cannot read transmitted data, but consider the consequences if your mobile device is stolen.While all banking applications require us to enter a password or PIN, many people configure their mobile device s to save passwords, or use insecure passwords and PINs that are easy to guess. Compatibility: We need a smart phone to get the most out of mobile banking. Mobile banking is not available on every device. Some banks do not provide mobile banking at all. Others require you to use a custom mobile banking application only available on the most popular smart phones, such as the Apple iPhone and RIM Blackberry. Third-party mobile banking software is not always supported.If we do not own a smart phone, the types of mobile banking we can do are usually limited. Checking bank account balances via text message is not a problem, but more advanced features such as account transfers are generally not available to users of â€Å"dumb phones. † Cost: The cost of mobile banking might not appear significant if we already have a compatible device, but we still need to pay data and text messaging fees. Some financial institutions charge an extra fee for mobile banking service, and we may need to pay a fee for software. These extra charges quickly add up, especially if we access mobile banking ———————————————— 4. 1 Incentive disbursement utilizing Mobile Banking DBBL providing incentive disbursement services by utilizing mobile banking. This is very quick & convenient process of incentive disbursement. Some companies are signed agreement with DBBL for this service. Such as: Dutch-Bangla Bank (DBBL) and D. Net has signed an agreement on August 07, 2012 on Mobile Banking Services at the Head Office of DBBL. The agreement was signed by Dr. Ananya Raihan, Executive Director of D. Net and Mr. K. S. Tabrez, Managing Director of DBBL on behalf of their respective organizations.Under this agreement, field level agents of D. Net will receive their commission in their DBBL Mobile Banking Accounts. After receiving their incentive, commission, salary in their mobile account s, the agents will be able to withdraw/ deposit cash from any nearby agent or DBBL branches, withdraw money from any DBBL ATM, transfer money to other mobile accounts, buy goods and services from retailers and pay utility bills throughout the country and moreover will get the opportunity of â€Å"Banking with a bank†. Dr. Ananya Raihan, Executive Director of D. Net and Mr. K. S.Tabrez, Managing Director of DBBL sign on behalf of their respective organizations. ————————————————- 4. 2 Salary payment utilizing Mobile Banking DBBL providing salary payment services by utilizing mobile banking. This service makes quick salary payment to large number of employee in organization. Some company signed agreement with DBBL for this service. Such as: Dutch-Bangla Bank (DBBL) and  Bengal  Group of Industries have signed an agreement on Mobile  BankingServices at the DBBL He ad Office on June 06, 2012. The agreement was signed by Mr. Humayun Kabir, Director, Bengal Group of Industries and Mr.Mir Mominul Huq, Head of Mobile Banking, DBBL on behalf of their respective organizations. Under this agreement, employees of  Bengal  Group  of Industries will receive their monthly salaries in their DBBL Mobile Banking Accounts. After receiving their salaries in their mobile accounts, employees will be able to withdraw/ deposit cash from any nearby agent, DBBL branches and ATMs, transfer money to other mobile accounts, buy goods and services from retailers and pay utility bills throughout the country and moreover will get the opportunity of banking with a bank. Mr. Mir Mominul Huq, Head of Mobile Banking and Mr.Humayun Kabir, Director, Bengal Group of Industries, DBBL on behalf of their respective organizations. ————————————————- 4. 3 Real Cardless ATM Transaction utilizing Mobile Banking At DBBL, the mobile banking customers physically go to an ATM, push the †Mobile Banking† marked button, type their mobile account number, the amount to withdraw, their PIN and push the â€Å"Correct† marked button. The customers then receive a Push-sms or IVR call to their mobile phone from the Mobile Banking system requesting them to type their PIN again on their mobile phone.The customers then type their PIN and the ATM dispenses the requested money. In the DBBL process, the customers operate the ATM using their mobile phone instead of a debit or credit card. DBBL has innovated a real cardless ATM transaction for the first time in the world which is AML compliant, convenient and secure, protecting you from the risk of ATM frauds like skimming. Real Cardless ATM Transactions For the first time in the world. ——————————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- 4. 4 Prepaid Top-UP utilizing Mobile Banking.All the Dutch-Bangla Bank Mobile Banking account holders no longer have to take the time and trouble of finding and visiting a nearby location to top-up their mobile phone talk time/airtime. With the convenience of Dutch-Bangla Bank Mobile Banking, they can top up their own or someone else’s talk time/ airtime free of charge. anytime. anywhere. Top-up using with Mobile Banking. ————————————————- 5. 1 Implementation of Mobile Banking through Rural People Rural poor people living on less than 140 taka a day, they can receive banking services via their mobile phones.It probably won't happen, but it would be amazing if it did. ? Increase Interest to Use: Many rural people heard about mobile banking. But they yet have not felt that they should use it as they are happy to use traditional banking system. Some peopl e feel interest to use it. About 55% people feel they should use it and 45% people haven’t feel to use mobile banking. ? Make easy transfer of money: The problem of domestic remittances is often overlooked. large cities like Dhaka are home to millions of migrants who would love to send money back to their families elsewhere in the country but who are unbanked and have no real means of doing so.But they want to send money to village. The ability to remit money domestically with little more than a text message could be revolutionary. ? Transfer international remittance: People’s international remittances, which already a big part of national income, can be transferred by mobile phone to their relatives. Mobile banking has ability to send money directly from mobile phone to mobile phone is orders of magnitude easier and cheaper. ? Reduce Cost and increase saving: About 75% rural people are poor, they lives under poverty line.It is convenient, affordable and it is much mor e effective in developing savings habits, it will make access to banking and advanced payment transactions at affordable cost. All people know that its cost is not higher than traditional banking. Around 56% people say its cost is lower, 20% say same and 24% say it is affordable than traditional banking. ? Make them banked: Then there's the emphasis on the rural people to introduce in banking. Although the rural people are more likely to be unbanked and therefore in need of mobile banking services, they haven't been directly targeted by many of the first wave of mobile banking providers.The rural people, of course, are both a new customer segment and generally the very last adopters of any new technology. It's hard to sell banking services to someone who neither knows nor understands what a bank is. ? Motivate them to use their Accounts: Another risk is that the goal will be reached but in name only, people might have mobile-banking accounts, and might even automatically get such an account when they get their phone. But the accounts might not be used, and in so far as they are used, they might be use only for payments and not for real banking services.So they have to be motivated. ? Make it easy to use: It is much more effective in developing savings habits. Its using system is also easy. Anyone can use it. Poor rural people are often not considered viable customers by the formal financial sector as their transaction sizes are small, and many live in remote areas beyond the reach of banks branch networks. ? Aware them that Mobile Banking is better than Traditional Banking: Mobile banking is real time on-line banking. Show them how mobile banking is on-line banking and it takes less time than traditional banking.It will make access to banking and advanced payment, transactions at affordable cost. ? Introduce Time Saving banking: Mobile banking is available anytime, anywhere throughout the country. So it can save one’s time. But about 70% people think th at mobile banking can save their time, where as 30% think it cannot save time. ? Make secure and trust worthy banking: Make mobile banking much safer and safeguard against fraudulent transactions, and one can trust mobile banking as traditional banking system. Show them it has secured pin code which is known by the user, and also has a check digit without it no one can deposit money.The poor rural people often have greater familiarity and trust with mobile phone companies than formal banking institutions. ?Save them from unnecessary harassment: Informal banking services such as microfinance and village savings and loan associations remain limited in their reach. So, mobile banking system develops to bring poor rural people into banking system. 83% people face or heard no problem to use mobile banking. But 17% people heard or face problems to use it like sometimes transaction do not reach at time, cannot operate it easily as traditional banking. Make a promise to serve better: The pr omise of mobile banking for the rural people is that mobile phone providers have managed to get a degree of penetration among the country's rural people. Mobile phone providers are likely to continue in the direction they're headed in at the moment, staying away from banking regulation, confining themselves largely to payments rather than fully-fledged banking, and targeting their entire customer base without any particular emphasis on the bottom of the pyramid.Will the mobile phone companies sign on, even if they see lots of regulatory headaches and very few profits by doing so? The answer to that question could be the given by the mobile companies and banks. ————————————————- 5. 2 Benefits of Mobile Banking in Prospective of rural people. Mobile banking has several benefits for peoples, specially for rural poor people: ? Mobile banking Makes Life Easier: It is real time on-line banking, available anytime, anywhere throughout the country. It is convenient, affordable and secure; it is much more effective in developing savings habits ?Speedy and safeguard: It will make access to banking and advanced payment transactions at affordable cost. It is much safer, speedy and safeguard against fraudulent transactions. All of the characteristics of mobile banking make life easier. ? Secure: In mobile banking is Secure, a confidential pin code is used by the user. PIN ensures security of money and protects fraudulent transactions. So mobile banking is fully secured. ?Any time access: One benefit of mobile banking is a very speedy process. Transaction can be done anytime anywhere quickly in less time. 00% people believe that it is a speedy process. ? Small account for poor: Mobile banking started with the idea to bring the poor rural under the umbrella of banking sector especially rural poor as there are not much bank facilities, also there savings is low so th ey feel shy to go to bank. ? Easy to use: Its using system is also easy. Anyone can use it. ? Easy way to send money: People are like to send money easily to their relatives; Mobile banking has ability to send money directly by mobile phone. People can get the service of easy transferring money through mobile banking. Remittance transfer: International remittances can be transferred by mobile phone to one country to another. Mobile banking has ability to send money directly from mobile phone to mobile phone. ? Increase banking activities: Although the rural people are unbanked by mobile banking services they are converted into banked people. It is developing savings habits, it will make access to banking and advanced payment transactions. ————————————————- 5. 3 Challenges for a Mobile Banking Solutions Key challenges in developing sophisticated mobile banking applications are: . Handset operability: There are a large number of different mobile phone devices and it is a big challenge for banks to offer mobile banking solution on any type of device. Some of these devices support Java ME and others support SIM Application Toolkit, a WAP browser, or only SMS. Initial interoperability issues however have been localized, with countries like India using portals like R-World to enable the limitations of low end java based phones, while focus on areas such as South Africa have defaulted to the USSD as a basis of communication achievable with any phone.The desire for interoperability is largely dependent on the banks themselves, where installed applications (Java based or native) provide better security, are easier to use and allow development of more complex capabilities similar to those of internet banking while SMS can provide the basics but becomes difficult to operate with more complex transactions. There is a myth that there is a challenge of interoperab ility between mobile banking applications due to perceived lack of common technology standards for mobile banking.In practice it is too early in the service lifecycle for interoperability to be addressed within an individual country, as very few countries have more than one mobile banking service provider. In practice, banking interfaces are well defined and money movements between banks follow the IS0-8583 standard. As mobile banking matures, money movements between service providers will naturally adopt the same standards as in the banking world. On January 2009, Mobile Marketing Association (MMA) Banking Sub-Committee, chaired by CellTrust and VeriSign Inc. published the Mobile Banking Overview for financial institutions in which it discussed the advantages and disadvantages of Mobile Channel Platforms such as Short Message Services (SMS), Mobile Web, Mobile Client Applications, SMS with Mobile Web and Secure SMS. 2. Security: Security of financial transactions, being executed fr om some remote location and transmission of financial information over the air, are the most complicated challenges that need to be addressed jointly by mobile application developers, wireless network service providers and the banks' IT departments.The following aspects need to be addressed to offer a secure infrastructure for financial transaction over wireless network: * Physical part of the hand-held device. If the bank is offering smart-card based security, the physical security of the device is more important. * Security of any thick-client application running on the device. In case the device is stolen, the hacker should require at least an ID/Password to access the application. * Authentication of the device with service provider before initiating a transaction. This would ensure that unauthorized devices are not connected to perform financial transactions. User ID / Password authentication of bank’s customer. ? Encryption of the data being transmitted over the air. * Encryption of the data that will be stored in device for later / off-line analysis by the customer. * One-time passwords (OTP’s) is the latest tool used by financial and banking service providers in the fight against cyber fraud. Instead of relying on traditional memorized passwords, OTPs are requested by consumers each time they want to perform transactions using the online or mobile banking interface. When the request is received the password is sent to the consumer’s phone via SMS.The password is expired once it has been used or once its scheduled life-cycle has expired. Because of the concerns made explicit above, it is extremely important that SMS gateway providers can provide a decent quality of service for banks and financial institutions in regards to SMS services. Therefore, the provision of service level agreements (SLAs) is a requirement for this industry; it is necessary to give the bank customer delivery guarantees of all messages, as well as measurements on the speed of delivery, throughput, etc. SLAs give the service parameters in which a messaging solution is guaranteed to perform. . Application distribution: Due to the nature of the connectivity between bank and its customers, it would be impractical to expect customers to regularly visit banks or connect to a web site for regular upgrade of their mobile banking application. It will be expected that the mobile application itself check the upgrades and updates and download necessary patches (so called â€Å"Over the Air† updates). However, there could be many issues to implement this approach such as upgrade / synchronization of other dependent components. ————————————————- 5. Problems to implement of Mobile Banking through rural people Key challenges in developing a sophisticated mobile banking application through rural people are: * Poverty: Poverty is a main pr oblem of 3rd world country like Bangladesh. Rural people are not able to buy their food easily, so how they can buy a mobile phone or open a account in bank? * Illiterate people: A big amount of rural people are illiterate, so they are not aware of banking system yet. So they are not interested in mobile banking system. * Weak infrastructure: The socio economic infrastructure is very weak in Bangladesh.About more than 80% rural people has no account in traditional banking system, where mobile banking is a new concept, people have doubt about mobile banking. * Lack of trust: As it is a new method of banking people haven’t 100% faith on it. So, people don’t want to take any risk by giving suggestion to use it. Rural people feel it will not make life easier as it may not be trust worthy and it is not secured as they cannot fully trust on online banking than traditional banking system. * Lack of awareness: The rural people have lack of awareness they feel upper class or mi ddle class people can use mobile banking. Operating complexity: Handset operability is a vital problem of Mobile Banking There are a large number of different mobile phone devices and it is a big challenge for banks to offer mobile banking solution on any type of device. There is a problem that there is a challenge of interoperability between mobile banking applications due to perceived lack of knowledge in technology standards for mobile banking. * Security: Security of financial transactions, being executed from some remote location and transmission of financial information over the air, are the most complicated challenges that eed to be addressed jointly by mobile application developers, wireless network service providers and the banks' IT departments. When Security of any thick-client application running on the device. In case the device is stolen, the hacker should require at least an ID/Password to access the application. Banks unable to meet the performance and reliability ex pectations may lose customer confidence. 6. 0 ————————————————- Mobile Banking at a Glance ————————————————- 6. 1 What is Mobile Banking?Mobile banking is a Banking process without bank branch which provides financial service to unbanked communities efficiently and at affordable cost. To provide banking and financial service through mobile technology devices i. e mobile phone called mobile banking. ————————————————- 6. 2 Benefits of Mobile Banking: * Real time on-line banking. * Available anytime, anywhere throughout the country. * It is convenient, affordable and secure. * It is much more effective in developing saving habits. * It will make access to banking and advanced payment transactions at affordable cost. It is much safe, speedy and safeguard against fraudulent transactions. 6. 3 ————————————————- What does DBBL Mobile Banking offer? * Customer Registration. * Cash-in (Cash deposit). * Cash-out (Cash withdrawal) * Foreign Remittance. * Salary disbursement. * Person to person transfer (P2P). * Mobile Top-Up. * Balance inquiry. 6. 4 ————————————————- Where to register? Customer can register at any authorized agent point of DBBL who can display â€Å"DBBL Agent Certificate† and â€Å"DBBL Mobile Banking Banner†. . How to register mobile account? * Customer fills up the KYC Form and submits to agent along with his or her photograph and national ID. * Agent goes to Customer Registration Menu fr om his or her mobile and inserts customer’s mobile number. * Customer receives an IVR call or USSD prompt and in reply, she or he gives 4-digit PIN number at his or her choice. * A Mobile Account is created in DBBL system which is his or her mobile number +one check digit. * Customer receives a confirmation SMS which contains his or her Mobile Account Number. 2 . Why PIN is required?PIN is required to be inputted during cash withdrawal from an Agent Point of DBBL or DBBL Branch or DBBL ATM. PIN ensure security of your money and protect fraudulent transactions. 3. Why PIN is strictly confidential? PIN is the key for transaction of Mobile Banking. Only correct match of PIN & Mobile Number can access the Mobile Account. PIN is needed to verify the A/C owner by the system. If a PIN is disclosed, respective account is at risk; therefore, PIN should be handled very carefully. 4. Why Check Digit? Mobile number is public and known to many people.Without knowing your check digit, none will be able to deposit money at your account, thus it helps to keep your mobile account confidential. On the other hand, a check digit eliminates typing error, thus protects sending or depositing money to a wrong account. 5. Which Telco’s Mobile can be registered? Customer having any mobile from any mobile operator can be registered for DBBL Mobile Banking at any nominated agent point of the bank. 6. What are the necessary documents for registration? * Duly filled in KYC form. * Photograph of account holder. National ID or any other acceptable ID with photograph. 7. What is my Mobile Account Number? Your mobile account number is your mobile number with an additional check digit. For example, if your mobile number is 01233445566 and check digit is 3, then your mobile number account will be 012334455663. 8. What type of mobile set is required? Any type of mobile set can be used for DBBL mobile banking. 9. How much initial deposit is required? Customer can open a DBBL Mobile A ccount with an initial deposit of taka 100/- (one hundred) only. 10. Can I deposit and withdraw money immediately after registration?You can deposit money immediately after registration. However, you can withdraw after your account is fully registered. Bank officer verify the information on the registration form (KYC form) and authorizes the account for full registration. Normally 1-2working days are required for full registration. After your account is fully registrated, you will get an SMS notification. ————————————————- 7. 1 Findings 1. Maximum people are unknown with DBBL Mobile Banking. 2. Maximum rural people are illiterate. 3. DDBL Mobile Banking only provides Savings Account facility not others. . DBBL not providing merchant payment service. 5. Sometimes facing network problem. 6. DBBL do not sanction loan by Mobile Banking. 7. Cash inflow & outflow charge is highe r. 8. Hide information/ Not provide real information. 9. Difficult to collect necessary information. 10. Limited number of Mobile Banking Branch. ————————————————- 7. 2 Recommendations After reviewing these problems, we can follow the following recommendations: ? Increase Awareness: The rural people have lack of awareness and they haven’t much faith on it.So banks and mobile phone companies and government have to make them aware about mobile banking. ? Interest to Use: Banks and mobile phone companies and government have to promote the mobile banking system and grow interest in peoples mind. ? Develop infrastructure: The socio economic infrastructure is very weak. Government has to develop the infrastructure to ensure education to all and then people can gather knowledge and they can remove their doubt about mobile banking. ? Make easier to use: Mobile banking syste m is easy, but to rural people it is not so easy to use.Mobile companies and banks have to make the process easier than now. ? Reduce cost: I think the current mobile banking provider DBBL charge much for transaction. To grow interest in peoples mind transaction cost has to reduce. ? Security: Security is the main barrier which has to ensure for mobile banking process. And many people have doubt in their mind about that. So the process has to make more Trust Worthy ? Campaign: Rural people are not aware about banking system. About more than 80% of people has no account in traditional banking system, where mobile banking is a new concept.So it is essential to make campaigns in village to village to aware them. ? Tell the people about the benefits: Mobile banking is a banking process that offers financial services like cash deposit, cash withdrawal, merchant payment, utility payment, salary disbursement, remittance inflow and outflow and government allowance disbursement through mobil e gadgets. ? Develop operability: Make easy and effective operating of mobile phone to banking like using Short Message Services (SMS), Mobile Web, Mobile Client Applications, SMS with Mobile Web and Secure SMS will increase mobile banking activities. Ensure security through wireless network: The physical security of the mobile device is more important. Security of any ID/Password is more important. ? Ensure reliability: With mobile banking, the customer may be sitting in any part of the world (true anytime, anywhere banking) and hence banks need to ensure that the systems are up and running in a true 24 x 7 fashion will increase banks performance and reliability of customer. ————————————————- 7. 3 Conclusion The growth of mobile banking technology is increasingly hard to ignore.Analyst firm & Research reports that nearly 50 percent of all mobile users in the United States will be using mobile banking within four years use mobile financial services today. With the advent of technology and increasing use of smart phone and tablet based devices, the use of Mobile Banking functionality would enable customer connect across entire customer life cycle much comprehensively than before. Mobile banking can play a vital role both banking and mobile sector. It has also impact on social sector too. One day Mobile banking will make rural people’s life easier than today.Although it has been tried on the best level to make this report informative and better but limitations are inevitable for any report. Finally, we would like to say the overall performance of DBBL Mobile Banking section is excellent. Their progressive trends are quite consistent and steady. This will help the Bank and facilitate as a market leader in Banking sector. ——————————————— - Abbreviations DBBL=Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited. KYC= Know Your Customer. IVR= Interactive Voice Response. USSD=Unstructured Supplementary Service Data.UISC=Union information and Service center. P2P=Person to person. ATM=Automated Teller Machine. PIN=Personal identification number. ————————————————- Questionnaire 1. DBBL Mobile banking division can provide services according to customer demand. * Yeas * No 2. What are the major constraint’s of mobile banking? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. What are the objectives of DBBL ? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. How many mobile Banking Account DBBL have? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5. What is the latest service of DBBL Mobile Banking? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6. Is rural people can easily adopt DBBL Mobile Banking service. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7. What is DBBL Future plan ? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8. What new service DBBL want to add with existing service? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9. Is Mobile Banking Division of DBBL profitable . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10. What are the major problem can you face? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11. What are the difference between DBBL Mobile Banking and bkash ? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12.What are the security measure taken from DBBL for Mobile account? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13. How do you provide foreign Remittance and Air – Time Top- up service? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14. What are the CSR activities DBBL perform? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15. How DBBL Sanction loan to its customer by Mobile banking? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16. Why DBBL can’t sign deal with Gramen Phone and Robi ? But they are holding first and se cond position among Mobile phone operator. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 17.In case of traditional Banking there is no charge for deposite or withdraw but in Mobile Banking customer have to pay charges for both deposite or withdraw. Why? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ————————————————- Bibliography References: Dutch-Bangla Bank Ltd. (DBBL) Mobile Banking Office , Agrabad , Chittagong. 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