Iraq War Essay

The Iraq war is also known as the Occupation of Iraq and it started on 20th March 2003, the war was spearheaded by the United States of America which was also backed by the U. K. There were other countries that had small forces in the invasion but they did not have many troops as compared to the US and the Britain, these countries included Australia, Poland, Denmark and Spain. This invasion marked the beginning of the current Iraq war. The major reason for the invasion was to end the Saddam regime which was believed to be supporting terrorist activities, it was also aimed at disarming Iraq which was said to be in possession of weapons of mass destruction and the last reason for the invasion was to free the people of Iraq from the dictatorship of Saddam (Allen, Mike and Juliet, 2002). The trigger of the war is said to have been the failure of Iraq to disarm itself of the biological, chemical and nuclear weapons that the US and its allies said were a threat to the world peace. Some of the traditional allies of the United States opposed the war and argued that there was no evidence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq; some of these countries were Germany, France and Canada. The invasion started with an air strike at the Presidential palace which was later followed by attacks on the southern side of Iraq. The coalition forces operated from a point near the Kuwait-Iraq border. The Iraq war is said to have caused very many protests all over the world with the largest protest in Rome where more than three million people protested against the war. The United States-Turkish relationship was greatly affected by what preceded the aftermath of the war on Iraq. For the last Fifty years there has been a very good Turkish-American partnership which can be seen in the efforts that the two countries have made in Korea, Kosovo and Bosnia. In the year 1999 when President Clinton visited Turkey after an earthquake he described their relationship as a very strategic partnership and there was a lot of support fir the partnership between the two nations. The strong partnership began to deteriorate in March 2003 when the US was almost attacking Iraq. The effect of this was felt when the Turkish parliament rejected the request by the US to allow the US troops to go through Turkey just before the war started. Most people in Turkey were against the war with 95% of the whole population being against the war and this forced the government to reject the US request although it was seen as a loss to the Turkish government as it lost a lot of grants and loans that would have come with the agreement. Although the Turkey government wants to renew the relationship with the United States there is a feeling that the instability that was caused by the war on the Turkish border with the Northern Iraq has caused a lot of damage to the Turkish tourism industry. The Iraq war caused the relationship that existed between the US and the Turkish government to be highly affected. The US sees Turkey as a very important country because it is a country with a makority of Muslims but it has exercised a successful democracy, Turkey is also a link between the Central Asia and the Europe in matters relating to energy and Turkey has also played a major part as a broker in the Middle East. The effort of the US government to encourage the Turkish government to form good relations with the Iraqis was greatly affected after the war due to the instability that exists in the Northern Iraq region. The Iraq war also led to an alarming increase in the anti-American slogans among the Turks because of the instability in Turkey that was as a result of the Iraq war. The Iraq war resulted in a lot of strain between the Turkish government and the US but this can be put on hold by the US allowing Turkey to perform a Major role in the reconstruction of Iraq. The other area that was greatly affected by the war is the education sector in Turkey, students from Turkey no longer wants to socialize with the Americans and the Europeans after the war (Council on foreign relations, 2003). The other major effect of the war in Iraq is that it created fear in the Arab countries and most of these countries no longer trust the US or the UK. Most of the Arab countries felt that Iraq was only the first country in what they referred to as the domino effect of democracy and they believe that with the successful introduction of democracy in Iraq there will be more attacks in the Middle East with the aim of installing democracy. This has caused the Arab countries to live in fear of attacks from the US and the UK and therefore they end up arming themselves and at the same time carrying out jihads. The war has also created very high sensitivity in Iran about the regional involvement of the U. S in the country and they believe that those people in the Islamic republic are surrounded by a number of countries which are allies to the U. S and this has caused a lot of fear to the people in the Arab countries. The other major effect that the war has had is that it has led to the collapse of the strong relationship that existed between the United States and the U. K and Syria. This has been attributed to the fact that it is feared that Iraq transferred its weapons of mass destruction to Syria when it was about to be attacked by the coalition forces, this has resulted to a lot of tension in Syria for the fear that the country may be attacked by the coalition forces in search of the weapons of mass destruction. The other major effect of the war on Iraq has been in Saudi Arabia, there have been fears of a military attack against Saudi Arabia and also the increased pressure from the United States of America on Saudi Arabia to collaborate in the war against terrorism. The Saudi-U. S relations have been less than ideal in the current days and this made the Saudis think that the Bush administration was using its military force in Iraq so as to influence something from the Saudis. There has been a great deal of uncertainty in the Arab countries with the people thinking that because of the success of the military action on Iraq the United States and its allies may use the same on most of the Arab countries. The other major effect of the war was that there were increased cases of terrorism activities in the U.  S and the U. K when the war against Iraq was declared, this was because the Arab countries were opposed to the war and because they could not convince the U. S and the U. K not to attack Iraq they opted for terrorist activities. The attack against Iraq was also aimed at bringing out the link between the 9/11 bombing in U. S and the Saddam regime but this was not evident and therefore most of the Iraqis felt that the attack was simply to impose a government that was created by the United States and its allies. Baghdad and Damascus are towns in Iraq that are filled with terrorists of the old days but there was no evidence to link these people to the 9/11 bombing in U. S. and this clearly indicated that those who lost their lives in Iraq during the war were not the terrorists responsible for the 9/11 attacks (Leslie, 2004). Muslims all over the world had at first opposed the attack by Al Qaeda on U. S, but this was then reversed when the U. S attacked Iraq and triggered more chaos from the Arab communities. As a result of the war on Iraq moderate Muslims began to support anyone who is out to defend the Muslim land and the values of the Islam religion against any group of people aimed at crashing the Muslims. Due to this the relationship that was there especially in Iraq and Palestine between the U. S and the U. K and the Muslims was greatly affected as the Muslims thought that the U. S and the U. K were out to bring to an end their religion. The war in Iraq has resulted in more bitterness and instability in Iraq as more young Muslims are coming up with a form of jihad that is more volatile than it used to be in the past. The American policy makers have very little appreciation on how their military actions in Iraq, Lebanon and Afghanistan is causing a lot of radicals in the Muslims opinions and also creating very many radical groups that are aimed at fighting for the sake of their faith. This has caused a very poor perception of the citizens of the Arab countries in that they are seen as terrorists just because of being an Arab. The relationship between students from Arab countries and those from the United States or the U. K has also been affected by this perception (Fawaz, 2006). The civil unrest that was experienced in Iraq had very major effects on the relation of the U. S and U. K and the neighbouring countries of Iraq. The problems that the neighbours of Iraq are facing will continue even with a steady improvement of the situation in Iraq and the situation would be worse if the situation in Iraq deteriorates. The most dangerous effect of the Iraq war would be due to sectarian and ethnic conflicts in Iraq. The sectarian hatred that may arise in Iraq will lead to civil unrest in Iraq and this would also affect the countries that are neighbouring Iraq. These countries would then in turn blame the U. S and its allies because they caused the war in Iraq. The Iraq people and its allies felt that they would not be welcomed in the United States in case they face any disasters in their countries and this also broke the relationship that was there between the Arab countries and the United States. This can be seen during the war because those Iraqis that were affected by the war were put in refugee camps and treated in a very inhuman way. The other major effect of the war on the relation of the Arab and the U. S and U. K was that there were reduced tourism activities between these nations for the fear of terrorism (Andrew, 2008). The war against Iraq also had an effect on the global terrorism and contrary to what George Bush and Tony Blair argued it is evident that the war brought about increased global terrorism. This is evident in that the number of people killed in jihad attacks has increased steadily from the time when the Iraq war started. The Iraq war is also seen to have caused an increase in the spread of the Al Qaeda activities in the Arab countries with the reason that they are out to fight for the Muslims all over the world. The increase in the Al Qaeda activities has caused a lot of insecurity in most of the Arab countries and this is attributed to the war against Iraq and therefore the Arabs find the U. S and the U. K as countries that are out to cause more problems in their countries (Kim and Patrick, 2007). When asked for the reasons for the U.  S attack against Iraq most of the citizens of the Arab nations like Egypt, United Arab Emirates and Jordan give three most common answers. Of these most of the Arabs think that the United States was out to acquire oil reserves in Iraq and protect Israel, but the most astonishing answer given by citizens in the Arab nations is that they were out to weaken the Muslim community. This has led to break down of the relationship that existed between the Arab nations and the U. S and U. K. as the Arabs see the U. S and the U.  K as people who are out to weaken them. The broad perception of the U. S military attack against the Muslim world is that there has been a collapse in the confidence that the Arab nations had on the United States and the U. K. Before the failure of the U. S backed peace talks between Israel and Palestine in 2000 that were mediated by President Clinton, around 60% of the people interviewed in Saudi said that they had confidence in the United States but this ceased with the attack by United States against Iraq in 2003. Lack of trust in the U. S and the U.  K meant that there would be no negotiations that were headed by the two countries in the Arab countries because without trust negotiation does not make any sense at all. The other factor that led to the failure of the relation between the Arab nations and the United States is because of the insistence of the Bush administration on democracy in the Arab nations. They argued that instilling democracy in the Arab nations would greatly increase security in the world, but this was not the case because after the formation of a democratic government in Iraq there have been increased attacks in Iraq by jihads (Kevin, 2005). The war against Iraq also brought about some economic and emotional effects in the Arab nations. The Arab nations felt that they had the responsibility of supporting their fellow Muslims who were suffering in Iraq and therefore they dedicated a lot of resources to the Iraqis, was it not for the war that had been sparked by the United States and the U. K the Arab nations argue that they would have used these resources for their own developments. The Arabs also feel that they were weakened by the war on Iraq in that America took control of the oil wells in Iraq indicating that the Americans were not aimed at imposing a democratic system of government in Iraq but they were out to capture the oil wells in Iraq (Bruno, 2007). In the past five years four and a half million people have left Iraq as refugees, this has therefore put a lot of pressure on the neighbouring countries in that they have to care for the refugees. The neighbouring countries to Iraq have therefore broken the strong relationship that they had with the United States and the U.  K because they term them as the major cause of the problem they are currently facing. Security in the countries around Iraq has also deteriorated due to the fact that terrorists are heading to the neighbouring countries from where they launch their attacks claiming to be fighting for the Muslim religion. The Arab nations feel that the war against Iraq has led to congestion in the Iraq hospitals due to the many casualties that have to be treated in the hospitals and at the same time the hospitals lack qualified personnel and equipments to treat all the casualties. This has made the United States and the U.  K be seen as very inhuman hence collapse of the relation between them and the Arab nations (Robert, 2005). The other major decline in the relations between Arabs and U. S and U. K can be seen in the area of trade. After the war on Iraq was declared the Arab nations reduced their trade with the two major countries that spearheaded the war. This caused a rise in the price of oil which is the major product of the Arab nations. The Arabs also felt that the war on Iraq caused an increase in the Cross border terrorism due to the large number of refugees who flew the war torn Iraq. These acts of terrorism that the neighbouring countries suffered from made them lose the trust they had on the Americans and the people of U. K. There was also the issue of trans-national crime that came with the refugees from Iraq. Tourism activities were also greatly affected in the Arab countries because people from the U. S and the U. K feared travelling to Arab countries because of the increased acts of terrorism that had hit the whole world. The Arabs also developed a very bad perception for the Americans and the people of U.  K; they viewed these people as oppressors of the Muslim community. This had a great effect in those U. S and U. K citizens that were living in Arab countries with some of them having to be forced to go back to their home countries due to fear of being attacked by jihads. The U. S and U. K relation with the Arab countries declined due to the war and this forced some of the U. S or U. K organizations that were based in the Arab countries to return back to their home countries. This shows that business ties between the Arabs and the U. S and U. K were declining.

Mercury

Mercury International, Ltd is already at the forefront of the shoe manufacturing industry being in direct competition with the world’s biggest names in shoes manufacturing. These include Nike, Reebok and Puma. Thus, what they have to do is to sustain there marketing output, yet continue enhancing the way they compete with the present market. Relative to other leaders in the industry, they are very near behind, although Mercury shoes are unheard yet in other parts of the world. Having the same technological edge with other brands, there is a possibility that it can surpass others given the chance to maximize its potential using new marketing techniques. Several factors have contributed to Mercury International, Ltd’s performance. Although some of these are technological in nature, still the key factor to its growth is adhering to tested marketing principles. Some of these are; product innovations, making the most of market trend information, market expansion, and relying on concrete statistical data. But, to sustain the growth of a company, one has to remedy first the aspects or areas which keep the company grounded and not able to grow at the rate that it should be. Hence, an analysis on the factors prejudicial to the company and need to be improved is imperative. On the operational side of things, we cannot see much of a problem because it expanded its market to other countries, and having also product-development centers in China, Taiwan and Indonesia. The combined production capacity of these centers can very well meet consumer demands, at least in Asia alone. So there is a need to put up production centers in Europe and Latin American countries alone, so that Mercury’s products will be well distributed, and at the same time gain exposure to new markets. European and Latin American countries composed a very big share the shoe industry market, thus there’s a need for the company to capture these areas of the market. Its expenses can be further reduced by using technology. The fact that the company is at par with other company regarding the technology used in its production, it can reduced its expenses by mass-producing their products in a single period of time and later on put emphasis on its marketing, doing the production and marketing in phases. Eventually, all marketing processes could be covered, yet there would be no waste in effort and energy by doing different processes in a given time, thus big expenses can be avoided. On the financial side of its operations, an analysis on its financial and management reports gives a picture as to how the company is faring in the worldwide market. By the end of the year 2005, its total market share was only 9.1%; this information explains that there is still a huge chunk of the market that needs to be covered. Seeing this in the negative, it seems that the company is far from other companies in terms of market covered. But profitability cannot be measured by the size of the market covered alone, but through the actual profit made. A closer analysis of its income statement showed that there was a deficit of $10.13 million incurred during 2003 alone, and the succeeding combined income for the years 2004 and 2005 was barely able to compensate the 2003 deficit, the combined income being only $13.08 million. A growth of only $3.05 million was realized over the past three years. In essence, the company is not doing well financially. Â  Mercury Shoes, Ltd. can do much better that this. Yet, on the brighter side, we can glimpse from the financial reports that, at the least, there was a recorded growth between 2004 and 2005. This is enough for the management to persevere even harder to raise this notch to higher level. Perhaps, the company should put emphasis on the development of its operational system, because when its operations are exemplary, a good performance relating to its income will follow later. A complete operational overhaul is not needed. The company excels in other areas far better than other companies do. It has a technological edge over others, and its research and development is exemplary providing products to consumers with innovative technology. Almost 98% of human labor in the actual production of shoes and apparel has already been eliminated by robotic technology. Manufacturing is in an automated mode. These factors alone don’t justify the need to overhaul the operational system of the company completely. If changes are to be made, it should be done in the human resource and marketing divisions of the company. The brain of a particular organization lies in the management officials that lead the company. It is, therefore, logical to surmise that the failure of a company can be attributed to the leaders’ incapability. The marketing department also has the power to attract consumers to buy the company’s products, failure to do so justify their incompetence. The technological advantage, R & D programs, and the manufacturing process of the company should be retained. The rest should be change and improved for the benefit of the whole company. Generally, Mercury International, Ltd. has a potential in being a leader of the shoe and apparel manufacturing industry. What is has to do is to align its operations and processes into a single output force looking at a single objective. Although, the company hasn’t yet reached this stage of organizational development, with patience, cooperation, and continuous development of its product with the use of cutting-edge technology, it will eventually. What the management has to do is to sustain the over-all output to maintain its position yet continue to strive and develop further. The backbone of the company’s product line, the Boost Technology, TrailStep, and the Sweatless Training Apparel should further be strengthened, so that the company will have security on where to get its money for expenses when changes are to be made in other areas of the company. With the managerial officers having already the skills to effectuate changes on the company, what they have to do only is to use their skills at the utmost and steer the company to where it grows the most.

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There is no topic - Essay Example As a means to gain enlightenment Gautama practiced meditation under a ‘bodhi’ tree where he finally realized the true path of freedom from suffering towards salvation. He was henceforth known as â€Å"Buddha† or the â€Å"Enlightened one† ( Hawkins 35).The basic ideals of Buddhism are centred on four noble truths that are the tenets of Buddha’s doctrines. The First noble ideal is the truth of suffering that recognizes that suffering exists. The second ideal emphasizes on the cause of suffering in which ignorance and desire are identified as the major causes. The third noble ideal teaches on the end of suffering in the world or in the spiritual sense by achieving Nirvana. Consequently, the fourth noble ideal creates the path towards the end of suffering (Hawkins 29). The monastic ideal of Christianity referred to the practice of seclusion from the world for the purpose of spiritual communion with God and the universe (Markus 19). The origin and spread of the practice is attributed to Saint Anthony of Alexandria in Egypt (Markus 19). At the age of fifteen, he decided to start off a life of seclusion in the desert for the next ninety years. During this period he became famous as more and more young men joined him in the desert. The ancient Eastern customs sought divine intervention. Furthermore, such people were referred to as hermits or â€Å"desert dwellers† (Hawkins 68)They were considered as holy men by the villagers who offered wise advice to the local villagers. During the spiritual enlightenment process, the hermits would subject their bodies to self punishment such as extreme fasting for the purpose of driving out desires of the flesh and strengthen the spirit. The villagers that sought advice from the hermits would carry offerings of food for them. The basic tenets of Christian monasticism were foremost driven by the

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Entrepreneurial business - Essay Example The share of powered brushes is almost half of the value of the market. The social factor that influences the toothbrush market is that consumers are getting more sensitive towards dental healthcare in order to reduce dental treatment. According to date UK consumers’ concerns regarding toothbrushes are: they value the features of the toothbrushes, the comfort they provide, if they are recommended by professional and they also have concerns more about health of gums rather than cavity protection. The findings suggest that consumers are willing to pay premium prices for toothbrushes addressing these concerns: (The Infoshop.com, Toothbrushes –UK-April 2004, There is no specific environmental factors mentioned in reports, however the fact that more people are environmentally concerned should not be ignored. Any efforts in producing a new toothbrush should take this factor into consideration and adapt its manufacturing ability accordingly The powered toothbrushes continuously evolve the ones with round oscillating bristle heads have helped to improve oral hygiene. According to clinical studies, powered toothbrushes are more efficient to remove plaque than manual therefore they are widely accepted among dentists. In the late 1990’s the market of powered toothbrushes was shaped into two distinct categories: the high end toothbrushes ($20-$110) that provided complex motions to the bristles and the low end which provided very little cleaning benefit. â€Å"The brush head, with its combination of fixed and moving bristles, was designed to have a more traditional sized brush head permitting patients to brush their teeth in an optimal manner recommended by a dentist, while the motorized circular portion of the brush promotes more effective cleaning.   In addition, this brush has an angled shaft to permit easier access to the back teeth in the oral cavity† The type of consumers that use powered toothbrushes are the

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Literary Analysis by Amy Hempel's. In the cemetery where AL Jolson's Buried - Essay Example The narrator recalls how her only visit to the hospital was to see her best friend, who wore a surgical mask as a result of her condition and she had to do the same. Her visit had taken a quite some time because she was largely procrastinating, as the narrator did not have the courage to see her friend in such a state. From the very beginning the narrator and her friend talk about inconsequential things and then the plot sheds light on all the other fears the friend fears, such as fear of flying and fear of earthquakes; however, the main fear that the narrator is experiencing is largely the fear of losing her best friend. The story intertwines many complex human feelings such as love, attachment, communication, death and dying, and the process of grieving for the loss of loved ones. It could be deduced that despite being an aviophobe, she flies all the way to a hospital near the California coast; which is also one of the most earthquake prone areas in the United States. Thus, her wis h to see her friend during her last moment, is not only about the narrator finally confronting her friend’s imminent death but also facing all the other stimuli in her life that caused her to become increasingly fearful. (Henderson, 2001) Furthermore, the fact the narrator used to drink Canadian ginger ale and pretend that they were in Canada, is a brilliant allegory used by the author to describe the narrator’s mindset that how she uses her imagination in order to bend reality. The communication between the two friends actually the demonstrate the closeness between the two. The stories they share and the light-hearted humor that brings to the story is clearly an example of how one becomes avoidant at a crucial stage like this. The stories they share shed light in to the emotional conflict the narrator is experiencing, for instance when the narrator speaks about the first chimp was taught to speak , also lied. This shows that human beings are very similar when it comes to embracing the truth. They would lie not only for some dubious reason but the lies are in fact intended to protect them from the harshness of the truth. Therefore, out of the five stages of grief outlined by Kubler-Ross the origin of denial largely stems from the fact that the individual refuses to be honest with him or herself. The aforementioned ideas clearly demonstrate that the narrator’s fluency in the language of grief. Ideas like â€Å"the smarter knows when to disobey†¦Ã¢â‚¬ is actually another parallel that the author drew in order to underline the narrator’s for her sincerity towards her friend but at the same time, she must abandon in order to hide from the pain of watching her friend die in front of her. There are a number of other metaphors in the story that is not only appropriate to describe the narrator’s ordeal but is true for every human being. The narrator states: â€Å"So I hadn’t dared to look any closer. But now I’m doing it – and hoping that I will live through it† No one has the nerve to see eye to eye with their worst fears but certain circumstances may cause an individual to face his or her fears; even though, it may seem like their fear is so excessive that it might kill them but is obviously not necessarily so. The narrator was afraid beyond her wits, every time the thought occurred to her that her friend may die and she was close to abandoning her but yet somehow circumstances do not allow her. She believes

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The Problem of Relativism and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Problem of Relativism and Morality - Essay Example The role that religion plays in the shaping of morality can thus, not be underestimated. The fact that these religions were often the mouthpieces of certain political denominations must also be taken into account while looking at their influences. Whether religion which seeks to represent what was for a long time considered the very fountain-spring of morality- God- is biased or not makes the problem of relativism very relevant to the lives of people even today. The emergence of atheistic groups and the rise of existentialist thought in Europe also brought the focus back on relativism and morality. This paper shall seek to look at the different points of view that have been put forth regarding relativism and seek to assert that it is not possible to have a single view of morality in the modern age. Relativisms of various kinds are a part of the theories that are used to talk of morality today. Subjective relativism, a form of relativism according to which morality depends on the subj ectivity of an individual places the onus of deciding whether something is good or bad according to his or her own beliefs and values. The individual, and not a divine or social force, is invested with the power to make choices regarding good and evil. This perspective gained credence with the rise of individualism that reached its height with the rise of capitalism (â€Å"Roots of Individualism in Europe†). With capitalism at its peak, it is necessary for one to understand the role of individual subjectivities. It is also important for the society as a whole to examine the role of overarching frameworks that fail to include the majority of the people in the modern world. The modernist movement that took shape in Europe had as one of its founding principles this very distrust in metanarratives that were imposed on people as a part of religion and history. The fallout of this was that conventional notions of morality were discarded. This was very different from the moralities that were a part of Victorian society which believed in a rigid framework of morality that would then be imposed as a part of social life. As a part of this, people would have to adhere to the rules that were set by the society as a precondition for being a part of that very society. Marginalization was the punishment that was meted out to anybody who dared to deviate from the path that was laid out for the citizens of a particular community. Organicity, thus, is not a part of the social fabric of modern times. The organicity that made possible the unity of earlier societies is not a feature of modern society. A single framework that defines one’s existence and the morality that is a part of that existence is thus, insufficient for an understanding of life as it was during the twentieth century and as it is in the twenty first. Franco Moretti locates the schism between organic and non-organic societies in the Augustan age when Europe came into contact with other cultures in a major way (Moretti 36). Debates about the moralities that are a part of modern times are incomplete without a discussion of the theories that were a part of organic societies-the theories that served to hold people together as a single monolithic entity. Religion was one such body of theories. The Divine Command Theory that places God at the pinnacle of all

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Academic Remediation - Essay Example One Act that addresses the problem of academic remedial is the College and Career Readiness Act that was passed in 2007 by the state of Illinois. This Act purports that the academic remediation problem can be significantly serious because of its impact on financial aid and time taken to complete a degree. High school curriculum is not highly aligned to college education. This misalignment creates problems for students who want to use academic remediation as an entry into college course work. Academic remediation is also not particularly well designed in a way that bridges the informational gap between high school and college. This poorly designed learning interface makes the students pursuing it to feel lost in seeking information. Academic remediation mainly aims at addressing the academic needs of students struggling with one or more educational areas. This, therefore, requires individualized teaching and the establishment of a good and adequate communication between the student an d their instructor and even among students. However, a significant number of students enrolled for academic remediation experience isolation caused by lack of adequate interaction, good relationship and interpersonal communication between or among students and the instructor. This situation is more prominent when it comes to online academic remediation. ... This poorly designed learning interface makes the students pursuing it to feel lost in seeking information. Academic remediation mainly aims at addressing the academic needs of students struggling with one or more educational areas. This, therefore, requires individualized teaching and the establishment of a good and adequate communication between the student and their instructor and even among students. However, a significant number of students enrolled for academic remediation experience isolation caused by lack of adequate interaction, good relationship and interpersonal communication between or among students and the instructor. This situation is more prominent when it comes to online academic remediation. Results from courses taken under academic remediation are not delivered to the students as promptly compared to regular learning programs. At times, there is delayed feedback from the instructor. This situation mainly applies to students undertaking academic remediation online. This makes the learning phase loose meaning of attaining for and informing the students about their academic improvement. Timely delivery of such results is important for applying courses. Unlike in the regular educational programs, students who are remotely participate in academic remediation are more likely to suffer from inadequate educational support from their teachers. Because of this, a significant number of students enrolled for online academic remediation fail to attain their desired educational skill level (Brants and Struyven, 2009). Some of the students who enroll for academic remediation already consider themselves as academic failures and, therefore, they

How does Ernest Hemingway use elements such as light and dark to Research Paper

How does Ernest Hemingway use elements such as light and dark to foreshadows specific plot in his short story The Nick Adams Stories - Research Paper Example The character is romantically involved with a young girl Marjorie. He serves as a soldier and suffers from a knee wound just like Hemingway (â€Å"Character Analysis Nick Adams†). So in short Hemingway uses this fictional character Nick Adams to reiterate his life as a child and young man. He spent his youth serving in army. He has made this a part of his short stories. This autobiographical representation of events gives an insight into his mind that brings out the memories of his life and one can interpret the implications that he is trying to show in his text. Hemingway uses the elements of light and dark in his short stories to work as an important force that brings out the concerns in the text and plays an essential role in the narrative structure of the text. Arthur Miller in â€Å"Death of a Salesman† makes use of light to take the readers into the insight of the characters often revealing the important events or for foreshadowing. Miller often uses light to divide the stage for two different actions taking place at the same time. Similarly, Hemingway uses light in his texts but mainly for a different purpose. He makes use of the light as a technique of foreshadowing to develop interest and to highlight the prevailing or underlying themes. Hemingway in his short stories often uses light and darkness to bring out the thematic concerns of the text. His short stories are full of examples where he uses light and dark to foreshadow or to highlight the themes or motifs in the text. â€Å"The Indian Camp† presents an account of a young Nick who travels with his father on boat to an Indian Camp where Dr. Adams performs a Caesarean to deliver a baby boy. The use of light and dark in this story symbolizes the racial bias and foreshadows the personal growth of the protagonist. The darkness that prevails during the journey symbolizes Nick’s own lack of awareness. It foreshadows the bleak and grim reality of life that he is about to encounter when he will reach the

Making Work Better Essay Example for Free

Making Work Better Essay This was done by showing the different bubblers that the white people|leaves the audience in no doubt at all that racism is evil. This is most evident in the | |Use the film terms that you have been taught in |and the Negro people had to use. The white bubbler was a refrigerated one and the |establishing sequence. This sequence began with a medium shot focussing on two water fountains. | |class- this will be good for C3 –aesthetics |Negro bubbler was a broken non-refrigerated one. This represents the racism that |The signage of white and colored, with the white sign being higher than the coloured was subtle | |The selection of items should be based on the |is present in Mississippi straight away and symbolises that the whites are the |representation of the hierarchy within the South. There is quite an extended amount of time on this| |best information to prove your point. You also |preferred race. This is followed on by a car of cops chasing the care of activists |shot, signifying its importance. The lighting shrouds the white drinker in darkness, again quite | |need to select evidence that will not impede the|and pulling them over. This results in the death of the three activists. This is |subtly positioning the audience to reject the values that privilege white people over Negro people. | |fluency of your writing. |authentic representation as the shooting of the three students actually happened. The fact that the light shines over the evidently substandard ‘colored’ fountain perhaps suggests | |Stick to formal register – police over cops for |The cops go on to joke about ‘killing’ a nigga’ and this represents the hatred and |that the director wants to ‘shine a light’ on the racism within Mississippi. When this is combined | |example – unless of course you are quoting |brutality that is shown towards the Negros. The attitude of the cops is juxtaposed|with the next sequence which shows the suspenseful chase scene shrouded in arkness from the | |dialogue |with the attitude of the activists by showing the cops in a bad light by using |perspective of the civil rights activists brutally murdered by Southerners, the perspective of the | |Try not to retell the story – I know it. |close ups and darkness when showing them whereas the activists have an innocence |director is blindingly obvious- racism is clearly evil. |Bold in your homework all C3 words as a way of |and a victimised representation to position the audience to sympathise for them, |Knowing the facts of what happened and then seeing it in a brutal recreation is gut wrenching in its| |giving yourself a quick visual check that you |and support the Negroes. The Ku Klux Klan is also a representation of racism in |ugliness. This evocative response is guaranteed when the naivete of the civil rights workers whom | |have covered all of them enough. |Mississippi. Symbolism and motifs are used to show where the Klan has been |the audience get to see are juxtaposed against the malevolent people chasing them (whom we don’t see| |Try to make sure your topic sentence and |present. These are by reoccurring music, burning cross, and white hoods. These |until the murder takes place). The close ups makes both the fear of the activists and the hatred of| |clincher sentence mirror each other without |things are authentic and support what actually happened in real life. Racism is |their pursuers very real to the audience. When the audience realises that it is the police not only| |directly repeating yourself. |represented effectively throughout the opening scenes in Mississippi Burning. |perpetrating the crime, but laughing about â€Å"killin’ a nigger’ (Parker, 1989) it is clear that | |Your perspective on the film should be very | |these racist values are abhorrent! These opening scenes establish the director’s perspective | |clear by the strong assertive judgement words | |clearly. Later in the film this is further represented by the excessive violence of the Ku Klux Klan| |used. Highlighted in yellow. | |(KKK). Commonly known motifs such as the white hoods and the burning cross make it clear this is a | |Adding in all of the important info means my | |film based upon a recognisable and authentically represented time in history which makes seeing the | |paragraph was too big, but you can see a natural| |visuals more powerful. These clever film and narrative techniques create a representation of racism| |break with sentences that can act as topic | |that one can’t help but despise. | |sentences and clincher sentences. DO NOT do | | | |monster paragraphs!! | | |

Consumer Behaviour and Sustainability Content

Consumer Behaviour and Sustainability Content 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND In todays businesss world, one of the most challenging tasks for marketers is to understand the customers buying behaviour. What goes into the humans black box: what cause them to make the decisions of buying or not buying? Is it based on values, views which dominate the market today or purely rely on his/her demands, needs and wants or modern societys environment changes influences? These are all reflecting consumers buying behaviour. Hence, a proper knowledge of consumers behaviour will be a vital key to gain competitive advantage in the global business environment. To better understand consumer behaviour and what factors influence it, this article will be centered on three theories self theory, consumer decision-making and fashion theory. Literally all three theories relates to the process of buying behaviour which reflected through consumers perceptions. Self theory is ourselves performing as a system and creates a model of what we believe and understand for the outside world. Consumer decision-making is a concept that let us understand how customers choose and make the decision to buy or not buy in the full process. Fashion theory is all driven by the societys innovativeness. Indeed, all three theories are very important in making marketing strategies due to it is a key to the success of any business. 1.2. AIMS This article will be analyzed together with researchers diary to understand the prospects of consumers behaviour based on researchers own shopping experience. Below are the aims on this report is focused; The main concept of each theory and its influences in the consumer behaviour; Integrate researchers shopping experience and combine theory to analyze real consumer behaviour; 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 THEORY OF SELF 2.1.1 CONCEPT In simple words, self is a mirror image of me. It is an internal view of my own personality. It is considered an epicenter of all the perceptions. It is encapsulated image of humans personality. The self is a perpetually shifting dynamic system that is more like the flow of a river in which patterns emerge and disappear than a static backdrop (Kelso, 1995, p. 1). According to Mead (1934), the self is not a matter whereas it is prototype or procedure. As Goffman points out, the self is a sacred symbol in this society (1959). Self is a key factor which is responsible for fulfilling or meeting the most important emotional energy objective. That is why one critically mentioned the inadvertent rediscovery of self in experimental social psychology (Hales 1 98 1 a). It is nearly impossible to understand self on its own, as it provides philosophical foundation for social-psychological investigation into the self concept. Self concept theory also refers to theory of self -evaluation. Self concept is a complex of human thoughts about its own self. It denotes the totality of the individuals thoughts and feelings having reference to himself as an object (Rosenberg 1979, p. 7). Self is all about having our own perceptions about our own selfs. It is an inside view of a human which relates to an intangible world. From (1956) described self-concept as life being aware of itself. Self concept is not an individuals viewpoint whereas it is made up of multidimensional prospective as actual-self (how a person perceives herself) , ideal-self (how a person would like to perceive herself), social self (how a person presents herself to others), and global-self attitude (self-esteem or self-satisfaction expression, etc.). (Joseph, 1982) Self theorists essentially define self-concept as an attitude one holds about or toward ones person (self), this attitude consisting of cognitive components (knowledge, belief), affect ive components (evaluations), and behavioral-motivational components (predispositions or tendencies to respond). (Ivan, 1971) 2.1.2. SELF-THEORY IN CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR Self image/product image on brand/product preferences The self-concept is basically a cognitive structure which is in many ways associated with strong feelings or behaviours. Consumers make choices are in the connection with self-concept which is cognitive appraisal attributes about oneself in the attachment to different brands. This means a consumer may purchase some product as he feels that product enhances himself, and this consumer may not like to shop in a certain store due to the reason that he feels the stores products are not as the same level as he is at or not fit into him in terms if representing his image. (Edward, et,al.1968) And this is the image of self as individuals express themselves by choosing brands whose personalities are perceived to be congruent with their own personalities. (Ahmad, et.al, 2001) Since people have their own personalities, product/services is assumed to its own personality image as well. This personality is represented in the product/services attributes like conventional, posh, trendy, casual etc. The products personality is also represented into extended functions like tangible costs, benefits like quality, space, price and performance. These functions are not only the representatives of products/services image but also features in other factors like advertising, stereotype of the users, other marketing prospects, etc. This type of product image has been interacted with consumers self-concept and effect a so-called self-image/product image congruity, in which influence the consumers product preference and purchase intention. (Joseph, 1985) Self-esteem and Self-consistency V.S. Purchase Motivation If a product image is close to self-image, it will be named as self-congruity while as if a product image is close to ideal self-image, it will be named as ideal congruity. It is argued that self-congruity (SC) affects purchase motivation through the activation and operation of the self-consistency motive. In contrast, ideal congruity (DC) affects purchase motivation through the mediation of the self-esteem motive. (Joseph, 1985) Various self/image congruity illustrations will cause various purchase motivations among consumers. If a consumer has high self-esteem, he will purchase a positively valued product in order to keep his positive self-image. However, he will never purchase certain product which is negatively valued product as he wants to avoid negative self-congruity. Take an automobile as an example, a high self-esteem customer will always buy a good ideal car in order to satisfy others or societys point of view as it is important for him to maintain the status in his surroun dings. He will never buy a car which projects a lower image in comparison to his self-esteem. However, from the perspective of self-consistency, consumer will be always motivated to purchase a product either positive or negative image as it is important that the product itself should be reflecting his/her self-image belief. A table has been illustrated from Joseph (1985) is clearly stated the relationship in the purchase motivation and customers own image/personality. Source: (Joseph, 1985) Discussions Since the self-concept has been divided into multidimensional perspectives, researchers have studied a lot on different self-dimensions to find out any relationship to the consumers behaviour. Therefore, it turned out the product image/self-image can not always satisfy consumers to purchase certain product under his intention all the time. Some researchers argued that consumers are not only seeking the product which is close to self-image. Sometimes, consumer does not choose the product which represents him, but rather certain product which is related to his ideal self-image due to that the relevant self-image dimension is negative. (Laird, 1974) This has brought us into the considerations that social factors, status, environment have changed consumers actual purchase into the ideal purchase in order to match up with the reality or society though this is similar like self-esteem concept in the above part. Researchers have also argued that people purchase some branded product is not due to the perception of him, as it might be the cause of post-purchases effects. This means after purchase, consumer has taken its product-image into his self-image to represent himself instead of pre-purchase effect. It is the product-image causing the effect instead of self-image cause the purchase of the product. 2.2. CONSUMER DECISION MAKING 2.2.1. CONCEPT Decision making for a consumer has never been so complicated since high technology development in the global commercial industry. Similar products within same functions among various brands in retail outlets and shopping malls have created more choices for a consumer. And retailers are becoming competitors to each other by using various promotion methods like advertising, direct mails and leaflets of information on goods and services attract customers to purchase. With the development of information system, the choice for decision making for a consumer becomes much more complex due to the electronic format on products display. (Steven, 1996) An organization which embraces the marketing concept tries to provide products that satisfy customer needs through coordinated sets of activities that also allow the organization to achieve its goals. Customers satisfaction is the major aim of the marketing concept. (Dibb et al., 1994) It is a process in which both the parties are benefited by exchanging if buyer intend to purchase something of value from the seller, in return seller must get something of value. (Table 1 and Table 2) In order to grow in an efficient way, organizations always try to find out the reasons of why consumers make such purchase decision or why not. The key to drive a companys growth is to understand the elements that motivate into consumers buying decision. Only under such condition can a leader of the company to smartly arrange the allocation of the resources and supportive activities. (Todd, el,al,2005) Purchase a product involves a decision-making process among consumers. According to Paul (2007), there are four chains related to such decision making process: Search for alternatives, Evaluation of alternatives, Purchase, and outcomes of the purchase. The chart below has been a good example of a decision-making of motorists buying gasoline. Source: (Paul, 2007) Decision-making process has been largely influenced by the modern communication tools among companies. As from the view of marketers perspective, what is important is not simply understanding the nature of the decision process, but how this influences the individuals responses to advertising communications. (Keith) Hence, a proper understanding of consumers decision-making now is becoming much more and more complex and interesting. 2.2.2. CONSUMER DECISION MAKING IN CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR Consumer decision styles: Below is a chart which will explain two types of influences that motivate consumers buying behaviour: tangible and intangible factors. Elements that influence consumers buying decision: (Todd, et,al.2005) Researchers also found that peoples choices over the products perceptions are various according to different nations. According to Sproles and Kendall (1986, p. 268), a consumers decision-making style is a mental orientation characterizing a consumers approach to making choices. They developed eight basic elements that influence consumers buying decision which are: quality conscious, brand conscious, fashion conscious, recreational and hedonistic orientation, price conscious, impulsive and careless tendencies, confused by over-choice and brand loyalty. (Cheng-Lu, et,al, 2004) This means any element or combinations of them among these eight mental characters can be the final decision of a buyers choice depend on what he is focusing on. Howard and Sheth Theory of Buyer Behaviour: Brand Model This model made by Howard and Sheth has considered various factors into the consumers decision making over a product. In the chart below, there are seven factors shown its relatives to a decision making of a buyer. And under this model, three situations have been composed to illustrate buyers decision of purchase over the products brand: Routinized Response Behaviour Brand Familiar, Limited Problem Solving new and unfamiliar brand in a familiar product class, and Extensive Problem Solving unfamiliar brand in unfamiliar product class. Under the theory, attitude has been considered as the sum of a number of dimensions. Attitude is like intention which equals to what level of motives of satisfying a customers needs inside of the mind. Source: Paul (2007) Rationality Behaviour Some researchers are questioning that what is the rationality decision making? Does rationality also involve in the buyers purchase decision-making? According to Keith (2007), the assumptions of rationality are that people strive to maximize utility and have perfect knowledge in the search for the optimum solution. By using the decision rules, a choice has to be made through a set of alternatives considering each alternative with certain criteria singling out the best suitable one in the process of a rationality decision making. It is always a process in the search and chooses over the factor of satisfaction. However, the existence of the debate between rationality behaviour and emotional conscious is always been argued. It might be possible for a customer that make a rational purchase, but some people would argue that there is certain existence degree of emotional impulses result in the choice among the alternatives. In this situation, decision-making under the consciousness of rationality and emotion sensual have gathered more researchers into the investigation to study consumers decision making in a comparative way. (William, 1998) Discussions: Researchers find out that various countries decision making style on consumers are different. However, due to the degree of economy of a country, consumers decision making on the products according to the eight characters are not exactly right since those features are more applicable to those countries where are more developed. Differences in culture and infrastructure of the retailers have also illustrated the various shopping experiences on decision making of the consumers. Take Indias retailers as an example, most of the shops are in small sizes and family owned. There is not so much space for consumers to compare with various choices inside of the store, and usually consumers buy the products with predetermined list on hand and expected prices to choose from the products in store. People always buy the cloth and put it into tailor shop to do the designs instead of buying the ready ones. Hence, searching for a universal instrument that can describe consumers decision-making styles among a wide domain of cultures is problematic. (Steven, et, al. 1996) Online shopping environment allows marketers to build interactive tools for consumers to make decision in a new transformation way. Consumers make online shopping decision has changed the traditional way that online interactive tools have allowed consumers to compare products in depth and purchase a quality product in an efficient way. However, this suggests that interactive decision aids have the potential to drastically transform the way in which consumers search for product information and make purchase decision. (Gerald Valerie, 2000) This also has carried out a future research on the relationship between consumer decision making and behaviour in the settings of virtual world. Some researchers believe that purchase behaviour includes consumer decision process while others argue that for many purchases, a decision process has never occurred, not even on the first purchase. This is due to several reasons: necessity purchase, culturally-mandated lifestyles purchases, purchase because of childhood preferences acquirement, purchase of recommendations, or random purchase, etc. (Richard Donald, 1979) 2.3. FASHION THEORY 2.3.1. CONCEPT Fashion in a theoretic term is a culturally endorsed form of expression, in a particular material or non-material phenomenon, which is discernible at any given time and changes over time within a social system or group of associated individuals. The typical examples to express fashion are clothing, dresses and adornment. The popular adoption for fashion is under the term of clothing, and normally, clothing and fashion are synonymous terms. Also, fashion is expressed in other ways between material in nature like furniture and non-material context like art appreciation. According to the researchers, there are two dimensions inside of fashion: fashion object and fashion process. Literally to understand, fashion object is a specific object such as a dress/a coat, etc. Due to its special appearance or particular style, it is named as fashion object. It represents the fashion at that point of time. In order to identify fashion process, a cycle below has been drawn to better understand the cycle of fashion process. (Charles Lawrence, 1980) 3). Early Adoption by Fashion Leaders. 4). Diffusion of the fashion through social networks; 5). Fashion Decline of that object 1). Public Acceptance of a potential fashion from origination 2). Introduction of a fashion innovation Modern individuals new lifestyles have been translated by the fashion designers into new fashion concepts in todays society. And such new process has composed the fashion process into another new framework. The fashion process in a new framework has been re-conceptualized as fashion transformation process model. This model, combined with symbol interactions (SI) theory, has built some new predictions regarding the fashion industry. Fashion changes will also change the relationship between individuals (various in society) and society as a whole which is affected by two factors: micro-level (individual) and the macro-level (socio-dynamic) forces. (Fletch, et,al. 2002) Fashion, empirically speaking, changes due to the high demands of micro forces in individuals expectations such as fashion designers, innovators or wearers. How quick to change fashion is not only depends on those micro-level factors but also on a social trends which are considered as macro-forces in society such as needs to conform, pressures from others want to be the same or different from others in the society. However brand effect is always connected with micro-level subjects who are considered through an individual on how important he values a brand on what level to match with himself in society. After all, all these factors are changing the fashion sector and influence consumers buying behaviour simultaneously. (Appendix 1 Appendix 2) Fast fashion industry has contributed a lot into the consumers buying behaviour in these years. Fashion means designer shops or retailers change all styles in the shop/floors within every two weeks or even shorter period. This has generated a lot of revenue to those retailers by selling cheap amount of quantities of clothes to various people who prefer to change clothes all the time, especially in the young generations. Shops like Primark, HM, Top shop and New Look are classic retailers working on fast fashion trend and all of the shops are competitive to each other due to similar fashion in the markets. And people do like shopping in these shops not only of the cheap prices attraction, but also because of the fast changing new styles. (Louise, Grete, 2009) 2.3.2. FASHION THEORY IN CONSUMER BEHAIVOUR Fashion Clothing Involvement The fashion clothing involvement has been suggested as one of the main subjects that can confirm purchase behaviour among buyers. It can be learnt through the attached feeling toward consumer-fashion clothing. It is important to learn the fashion clothing involvement among various people as it is the main driver which influence the societys fashion adoption process and involvement is potentially an important area as it represents an important symbolic consumption area for consumers. To better understand consumers purchase behaviour, it is a key to know his involvement in fashion clothing. Apart clothing served as a protection of warmth, it is represented other functions such as social status for an individual and what he looks like (professional, casual, etc.). Therefore, research on such consumer behaviour is also seen as the major role of marketing companies to understand and provide right choices for the customers. ( OCass, 2000) Involvement is valued as the factor to boost customers motivation and a base to better understand bi-lateral relationships between sellers and buyers in the markets. It is also a fact to drive individuals growth and satisfaction as well as personal goal-oriented behaviour. Hence, it is a vital task for marketers to understand such fashion clothing involvement in the marketing environment. Luxury Brands in Buyers Behaviour The market for luxury branded products has never been so demanded in the last ten years. The most suitable reason of people behind the luxury brands is because of the fact of social status symbol. Research found out that luxury brands are not only purchased by the rich older generations, but also younger generations who are crazily enjoying the purchase behind the brands. In order to target more younger generations into the shopping branding list, marketers start to focus on diffusion brand: an extension of a brand. This means a new product is introduced under the name of an existing brand. (Aaker 1991) A diffusion brand is a step-down brand extension of an existing luxury brand in similar product categories, which aims to establish a close connection with the parent brand as a luxury product. (Fernie et al. 1997, Speed 1998) However, the differences can be varied into quality and price to fit more into the market under the same line of a luxury brand such as Armani Exchange under th e luxury brand of Armani. This is also to fit into society and adopt more acceptance from the buyers in the society among young generations. Media Celebrity Influence Consumers follow media and celebritys fashion is very common in modern society. Marketing tools put massive presences of new trend fashion into media channels like (advertising on magazines, newspaper) have largely boosted consumers buying behaviour in recent years. And consumers are would love to follow the trends due to its the societys trend. For celebrity, due to her/his nature of job profile, clothes for socializing are only worn few times and their massive presences on media have also brought the newest fashion trend among the followers in young generations, and this at the same time boost similar kind of products production into a good selling. (Louise Grete, 2009) Discussion Researchers also argued that SI theory in the fashion process transformation has not fully solved the relationship between two forces. This is expressed as such questions like: if a customer is concerning culture factor into the fashion, what will be the process related to a fashion product? What will be the features of the image, product/buyers result in the influence of such process? Are there differences between fashion innovators and fashion followers in terms of tolerance of symbolic ambiguity, need for uniqueness, and other related characteristics? The combination of SI to new fashion process model is not so clear on such situations. Future more studies will be focused as well as re-conceptualize the process model related to fashion change. As fast fashion exists, there is more and more concern on the increasing textile waste which needs to be dealt with. This term is named as disposable fashion. Researchers started to question the relationship between fast fashion and environment sustainability issues. Is such fashion valuable to the market as well as consumers concern? To maintain a good environment, fast fashion properly needs to re-define its own meanings into the society. And this needs those retailers to understand the importance of reducing the volume of textiles waste. (Louise Grete, 2009) 2.4. DIARY V.S. THEORIES According to researchers own shopping experience, his emotional impulse has driven him into that specific product. At the same time, style and design, expected price range have been composed as the factors to motivate researchers buying. And emotional factor has always been the debate between rational behaviour and emotional conscious. According to William (1998), while most consumer researchers have favored a rational information processing model of buyer decision making and behaviour, a few also tried to understand consumers in more emotional and sensual terms. However, the emotional consciousness has never been empirically tested as there is little research work focusing on this. Hence, researchers own experience has challenged that there was certain level degree of emotions factors drive him to purchase the products in the market apart from other factors. Brand preference is another factor motivating purchase behaviour. Though there is an emotional feeling inside toward brand preference, it is still brand itself influencing researchers buying behaviour as a lot of people like researcher believes that a product under a good brand always contains the feature of quality. Brand preference in here is expressed both in the self-concept and fashion theory. According to researcher, an un-planned purchase in Zara meant two elements in the behaviour: fashion style toward and self-concept image. As researcher has seen students wearing similar kind of style in university, he bought the similar kind of products in Zara. From the fashion perspective, this is because of brands orientation while as from the self-concept perspective, researcher has certain feeling that he wants to be fashionable status or looking good in the university. And that is the process from actual self to ideal self images changing process. This means researcher is very carin g for the fashion trend in the market. Individuals express themselves by choosing brands whose personalities are perceived to be congruent with their own personalities. (Ahmad, et.al, 2001) Researcher also experienced certain brand he does not like due to the unfamiliar and that brand he considered is not fit into his own personality. This once has clearly proved the theory of self that product/brand image will influence consumers behaviour since consumer has his own view of himself in the market although factors like price and quality is also the concerns inside of self-image sometimes. In the course of shopping experience in House of Fraser, factor like environment of the shopping mall has also driven researcher getting his own products. This could be the design of the mall and emotion consciousness inside of consumers mind which make decisions of buying certain product in specific store/shopping mall. Although cognitive factors may largely account for store selection and for most planned purchases within the store, the environment in the store and the emotional state of consumers may be important determinants of purchase behaviour. (Elaine Anil, 1997) This can also be the future research topic as the combinations of environmental elements and emotional driven forces in the expression of consumers behaviours. 3. CONCLUSION After all, there are three findings beyond theories: All theories are correlated: It has become very important for researchers to cover all the theories while doing market research. As at some point these theories show acquaintance to each other. -Some uncovered factors: It has been discovered most situations in consumer behaviours can be explained related to the theory mode. But there are still some other factors (environment in the store/emotional consciousness) needs to be researched in the future to carry out a better understanding on consumers behaviour. Brand preferences: It has been spoken in all three theories; this means that people would like to purchase brands all the time and brand power is massive and beyond considerations. That is why fashion is about brand, personality is about brand and decision-making is about brand. The topic of consumers behaviour will always remain an interesting topic for marketers. Marketers are still not able to understand the central processing unit of human fully, where all the analysis takes place about purchasing a product or service. It needs a constant research and deep understanding of human mental map. Its a saying Nothing is permanent in this world same applies to human buying behaviour. Demand for a change in human nature will always disappoint researchers. The processing in the black box is like phase, one phase finishes another comes with different influencing factors. REFERENCES A. Cholachatpinyo, I. Padgett, M. Crocker B. 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Laird Landon, Jr. (1974), Self Concept, Ideal Self Concept, and Consumer Purchase Intentions, The Journal of Consumer Research, [e-journal], 1(2), pp.44-51, Available through: JSTOR Database, [Accessed 07th, December, 2010] Edith Cheong and Ian Phau, 2003, Young Status Consumers Evaluation of Diffusion Brands: The Effects of Consumer Innovation, Conference Proceedings Adelaide, [online], Available through: www. smib.vuw.ac.nz:8081/WWW/AN

General Sir Arthur Currie Essay -- essays research papers

LIEUTENANT--GENERAL SIR ARTHUR CURRIE (A brief account of the battle of Passchendaele)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Currie was the most capable soldier that Canada has produced. Certainly, he did not look like the great soldier he had become. A very tall man, at six-foot-four, he was also somewhat overweight. Through his successes as the Commander of the Canadian Corps, he knew how to delegate authority and stand by the decisions of his subordinates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Currie, however, was not a professional soldier. He was born in Strathroy, Ontario, on December 5, 1875 and raised, he had moved to Canada’s west coast in his late teens. As an adult, he movedto Victoria, British Columbia, he had become a schoolteacher, and insurance salesman, and, a real-estate speculator, an occupation that made him one of Victoria’s leading citizens. Like all goodCanadian businessmen at the time, he joined the Canadian Militia. In 1897, he had enlisted as a lowly gunner in the 5th Regiment, Canadian Garrison Artillery; by 1909, he was the lieutenant-colonelcommanding the regiment. In late 1913, Currie accepted the challenge of raising and training an infantry unit, the 50th Regiment, Gordon Highlanders of Canada.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the war broke out in August 1914, the highly regarded Currie was commanded of an infantry brigade. Currie fought with exceptional composure at Ypres in 1915 where his 2nd Brigade made a remarkable stand against the poison gas. Having impressed his superiors, Currie was promoted to command the â€Å"crack† 1st Canadian Division. He led the â€Å"Red Patch† at Mount Sorrel, through the horror of the Somme in 1916 and at Vimy Ridge, Arleux, and Fresnoy in the spring of 1917. In June, Currie had been knighted and named commander of the Canadian Corps, now four divisions strong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of Currie’s most impressive and important achievements had come during the winter or 1919-17, while he was still a divisional commander. By analyzing the fighting he had witnessed on the Western Front, Currie had drawn up what proved to be a blueprint for tactical success. In a paper, Currie synthesized the best of British and French concepts, and with many of his own beliefs based on personal experience. Under Sir Arthur Currie, the Canadian Corps emerged as an outstanding formation on the ... ...m: not only was he a mere colonial, he was a non professional to boot, and he was much younger that th earmy commanders who would have reported to him. Far from demonstating his carelessness over casualtiles, Passchendaele proved Currie’s concern for he preservation fo the lives of the men under his command; indeed, Currie’s actons throughout th war stand as strong evidence of his desire, and ability, to win battles only at the least possible cost. A lot of Canadians, veterans and conscripts alike, had little regard for General Currie. Passchendaele convinced many of them that victory was his old consideration.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charges of this nature dogged Currie for the rest of his life. Political enemies, took up the cry as the war wound down. He was being accused as a Canadian commander of deliberatley sacrificing the lives of his men in the pursuit of his own personal glory. His death five years later, in 1933 at the age of fifty-seven, may be attributed, at least indirectly, to the lawsuit. His funeral was a major event in Montreal and thousands lined the streets to honour the â€Å"Great Leader† of the Canadian Corps. He is buried in Mount Royal Cemetery, Montreal.

Frankenstein Version by Kenneth Branagh Essay -- Frankenstein Movies F

Frankenstein Version by Kenneth Branagh In 1931 Hollywood made a simplified version of Frankenstein and stereotyped the monster to be evil with bolts in his neck and a big, green square head. In the 1960s an English company called Hammer Horror revitalised Frankenstein movies and Christopher Lee made the monster look more like a man. All of the Frankenstein movies before Kenneth Branagh's version had made the monster evil. In Kenneth Branagh's version of the story he filmed the entire book and tried to stick closely to the original novel by Mary Shelley. Kenneth Branagh directed and played the part of Victor Frankenstein, Robert de Niro played the monster and Helena Bonham Carter played the part of Elizabeth, Victor's orphan sister, girlfriend and wife. The story of Frankenstein starts at the end where Victor Frankenstein is on a ship telling the captain the story of his life. It then shows Victor as a child, meeting his new orphan sister Elizabeth. The story then goes to Victor as an adult and his mother dies giving birth to his brother. This gives Victor the ide...

Successful Professionals Essay -- Business

There are few exceptionally successful business professionals, for example, Michael Dell and Andy Grove. Michael Dell was interested in computers at the very early age of 12 when, "he issued his first product catalog. It was called, â€Å"Dell’s Stamps...", (Krames, 2003). He eventually quit college because he had a dream. He created Dell Computer Corporation with a low investment and turned it into a multi-billion dollar Corporation. His theory was to market computers directly to his consumers to keep the cost of buying a computer, affordable. His product line has been enhanced to include handheld computers, storage, servers, and other services as well for all of your business and personal needs, (Dell.com). Andy Grove is another extremely successful business professional who teaches at Berkeley in his spare time. Andy, along with a couple of colleagues, changed the industry of computers by inventing a silicon-based integrated circuit. Their partnership evolved to be a multi -billion dollar corporation called Intel. It was very difficult for them in the beginning because demands kept changing. There were a lot of sacrifices made, but it increased the strength of the company in the long run. Both of these men made huge contributions not only to the computer world, but the business world as well. Michael Dell created one of the most highly acclaimed computer giants in the world, Dell Computers. By producing computers that the public wants and focusing on the consumer, Michael has sold billions of dollars in computers. He has listened to his consumers, which created a staggering amount of demand. Putting the customer first has always been one of his prioritie... ... and company as a whole. They looked for short cuts to achieve their goals and followed their convictions. They have created powerful partnerships and built a company of owners that learn from their direct sources. They have developed a philosophy that focuses on the customer while thriving on the change of the economy. Michael Dell is a fantastic salesman and Andy Grove is a terrific innovator, both of which lead to an enormous success. Combined, they make true superheroes. Works Cited Krames,J. A. (2003). Place the customer at the epicenter of the business model. In What the best CEOs know: 7 exceptional leaders and their lessons for transforming any business (pp. 55-77). Krames, J. A. (2003). Prepare the Organization for Drastic Change. In What the best CEOs know: 7 exceptional leaders and their lessons for transforming any business (pp. 131-152).

East Asian History Essay

In the year 1943, the allied forces made a Deceleration in Cairo pledging freedom for the Korean peninsula from Japan. The US, China and Great Britain were the main parties involved in this declaration, often known as the ‘Cairo Declaration’. In the Yalta Conference, Roosevelt made a proposal to the USSR leaders for having a four-power leadership of Korea. Although, Stalin took President Roosevelt points into consideration, no formal agreement was reached upon. President Roosevelt proposed that the US, USSR, Great Britain and China would take hold on Korea. Following these talks, the tension between the communist nations and the western nations began to rise. In the Postdam conference in July 1945, Independence was promised for Korea. The US asked the USSR to enter the war with Japan to free Korea. However, they also suggested that the Japanese could not be attacked from Korea, unless the Japanese mainlands were captured. The USSR army attacked the Japanese forces from the northern side after capturing Manchuria. Following the American bombing of the Japanese cities in August 8, 1945, the Japanese troops began to surrender. The 38th Parallel was utilized as a line of control. North of this line, the USSR troops took charge and south of this line, the American army had control. The Japanese forces actually surrendered to the US forces on September 8th in Seoul. The USSR forces began to seal the line of control. The USSR forces were however present in Korea earlier compared to the American forces. There are many reasons as to why the US government wanted to divide Korea. Some suggest that it was basically done to prevent the USSR army from occupying the entire Korea. Other felt that it was to increase the military presence (from several countries) in Korea, and in this way prevent any single power from taking control of Korea. Initially, the Korean division was proposed as a temporary measure (basically for military operations). However, the conflict between the Eastern and Western powers meant that no particular solution was reached for this issue. In this way Korea continued to be divided (Turner Learning, 2007 & Britannica Encyclopedia, 2007). Once Korea was divided, the Americans began to have a Government under Korea under the rule of Syngman Rhee. This government was basically set up against communism. South Korea was called as ‘Republic of Korea’. In the northern side, the USSR government set up a communist government under the rule of Kim II Sung. This state was called as ‘Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’. Kim II Sung was actually a major of the Red Army. After the World War II he was considered the head of the North Korean communist party. He was appointed the head of a committee for settling administrative issues. In 1947, a legislative assembly was formed in North Korea, and Kim was elected the head. He had a strong military presence in North Korea. Initially, Stalin wanted to stop Kim from using communist influence in North Korea, but Kim was against this. Later, Stalin and Kim were planning to enforce communism throughout Korea. Kim II Sung’s army was known as the ‘North Korean Military Army’. This army included a few generals who had waged war against the Japanese. Kim was interested in developing a nation that was torn out of war. He brought all agricultural activities under the control of state. He also started developing the industry in Korea. On the other hand, the South Korean’s did not have a strong military presence under the US army. When the US army was withdrawing its troops in 1949, only about 100, 000 soldiers were trained in the South Korean Army. The Russians began to support an attack of South Korea in the year 1950. North Korea utilized Russian artillery, guns and tanks to launch an attack in South Korea. The South Koreans were unprepared by the attack from the North Koreans. The American aid was rather insufficient. The Americans and the UN had to support South Korea in its fight against North Korea during the Korean War (Turner Learning, 2007 & Britannica Encyclopedia, 2007).

Interesting Sociology Essay Topics Essay

Sociology essays deal with the study of human social behavior in a society, thus, it is quite interesting for the students who are interested in human psyche but boring for those who don’t like studying their species. By and large, essays on sociology are mostly based on informative and argumentative style of writing, the argumentative sociology essay demands to work on thesis while essays on the sociology of knowledge are mostly assigned to the students in the informative arena. Whether it is argumentative or informative essays, one has to develop a topic that can grab the attention of the reader in no time and this is not such an easy task. While developing a topic for sociology essay, on should remember the nature of the subject, that is it deals with human behavior, psychology, humanities and social science. Thus, the topic should be as such which revolves around these subjects. Following are some of the recommended sociology essay topic for the students who are not able to select a good topic for their assignment. 1- Youth addiction to alcohol – Causes and concerns 2- Comparison between the children brought up in Filipino and Europe 3- What is and should the role of politicians in socializing through campaigning? 4- Merits and demerits of media for a society? 5- How cross cultural media transformation destroys the culture of a particular society? 6- Internet and its implications on a society. 7- Diffusion of innovation in European culture. 8- Critical comparison between sociology and anthropology 9- Homosexuality – crucial warning to our society 10- Views about organ transplantation in our society 11- What are the causes of increasing street crimes in our society? 12- What does mean to be a single parent in a conservative society? 13- Comparison between marriages and live-in? 14- Life in rural areas and life in a metropolitan city 15- Increasing materialism increases the depression in a society 16- In spite of such an advanced means of communication people are increasingly going for solitude. 17- Adoption and its consequences for an adopted child 18- How does divorce effects on the minds of the children 19- Comparison between materialistic and a spiritualistic person 20- Living a life as an eternal bachelor 21- Women empowerment in a conservative society 22- Challenges a working women faces in our society 23- Comparison between inferiority and superiority complex 24- Living whole life in a prison 25- Origin of sociology as a science

Optimism in The Grapes of Wrath Essay

At the end of the novel The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, it seems as though the Joads have nothing left to live for, however Steinbeck shows signs of optimism through symbols and biblical allusions. The Joads have gone through tremendous hardships throughout their entire trip to California to find work. They have lost several family members, have gone without work and lived on extremely low rations for months. At the height of their struggles, the Joads are without food, shelter, and their strongest member Tom Joad. The daughter, Rose of Sharon also delivers a stillborn baby. Steinbeck does however end the story with symbols of hope. The rain, which is constantly pouring down, is a symbol of renewal. The rain represents the coming of spring and plants. The rain has made A[t]iny points of grass came through the earth@ and Athe hills were pale green with the beginning year@(592), enabling for new crops to grow and for families to find work. Rose of Sharon=s stillborn baby is also a symbol of optimism. Uncle John is told to bury the baby after it is delivered. Instead Uncle John decides to float the baby down a river in its coffin. Through this action, Steinbeck alludes to Moses, who was also sent down a river as a baby, and later freed his people from slavery and brought them to Isreal. As Uncle John puts the stillborn baby into the river, he tells it to AGo down an= tell =em. Go down in the street an= rot an= tell =em that way@(609). Uncle John is telling the baby to show the rich landowners what their greediness has done. Uncle John sends the baby down as a symbol of the great suffering the have-nots have been through, saying, Amaybe they=ll know then@(609). The last  symbol of optimism comes when Rose of Sharon nurses a dying man. The man has been deprived of food for six days and is not able to digest solid foods. Rose of Sharon, after just delivering a stillborn baby, understands the situation and lets the man drink her milk. This action shows the tremendous growth Rose of Sharon has gone through as a person and ends the novel with optimistic gestures of generosity and unselfishness.

Practicum Report Essay

I. INTRODUCTION A. Name And General Location Chowking located at 3rd floor 168 Mall, Soler Recto. Location Map of Chowking B. Objective/hotel/restaurant philosophy Our Vision Statement We will be one of the top 3 oriental QSR brand in the world by 2020 Our Mission statement To serve great tasting food bringing the joy of eating to everyone. Our philosophy To consistently serve steaming hot devious food in five minute or less with a smile, in a clean looking and clean smelling sore. `C. Ownersihp/Management Fresh and famous inc, company IIDISCUSSIONOF FINDINGS/ANALYSIS/RECOMMNEDAION * AREA OF CONERN (General) 1) Oraganization structure. there 5 waiter/food server in chowking headed by the Captain Waiter (Mr. Marcelo Sicat). The waiter who stayed there for the longest time is called Senior waiter. They are more expert than the other waiter. Each of them has their assign area/tables to servr each of them is doing their jobs responsibilities, and the good thing about them is their teamwork of chowking FS always help each other. 2)Operation, system and procedures. The dining area is divided into five (5) areas the area 1 table (1,2,3,4, and 5) Area 2, (table6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13, and 14 ), Area 3 (Tables 15,16,17, and 18) and Area 4 (Table 19,20,21,22,23,24, and 25),Each waiter or (SS) is being assigned to his designed diing area. As the customer arrives the receptionist will lead them to an empty tables She will give the menu. After then the waiter or (SS) will take orders. He will do suggerstive selling it is their duty to push their Happy plus card this chowking card is good for 3 years. It has beinfits for the customers who will avail this card. If the customers avai this card after they order the foods they want, they have an automatic 10% discount on their bill free siopao Flaovre asado or bola bola and 1 cup of ice tea. Then the cashier punh the order to the P.O.S (point of sale) and it will automatically receive by other department kitchen and Halo halo station 3)facilities equipmemnt, etc. Chowking is one storey building, but it has many facilities. Of course there is a dining Area which has 25 tables and can accommodate 125 individuals. 4)Manpower scheduling Works method, Style of communication. There are three (3) types of scheduling in the Chowking the opening Schedule Middle schedule and closing schedule. The opening schedule start 6:30 in the morning to 3:30 afternoon and it has 1 hour break time. The middle schedule starts from 8:00 in the morning to 5:00 afternoon it has 1 hour break. The closing schedule starts from 11:30 in the morning to 8:30 in the evening and also has 1 hour break like opening schedule. The store is located the mall that’s the staff is until 9:00 pm only. The staff have a rest-day in every once a week. But every Friday, Saturday and Sunday they are all present. No one has a day off on these days, it is strictly not allowed because during that three days, there will have many customers coming usually and sometimes there were events during these day. The Kitchen Leader is always calling for  a briefing sometimes, after the opening this is to ensure that a;; his subordinates are always reminded regarding the correct and standard procedures of service, and at the same time, he also checks each of the kitchen Staff are have a complete uniform. Also, twice in a month, they are having their general meeting to be led by the operation manager and branch manager. 5)Works atmosphere, interpersonal relation relations layout ventilation color schemeof the office. Chowking is a Fast-food chain based in the United States which branches all over the Philippines. It is decorated in a unique ambiance to create a warm relaxed atmosphere. It was fascinated with the interior design chowking had as I entered the faà §ade. The red brown white and blue chairs give a vibrant aura whoever enters in the food court. The quite dine lights all over the food court are also giving a positive vibes and will not give you a wrong impression that you are in different place other than chowking. In general, I can say that the place is well kept and the floors and laboratories are clean. There is always a background music that can be heard in the dining area, a variety of love songs that gives more the feeling as if you were in romantic place and sometimes they played modern songs. You can see the elegance brought by the surrounding’s. 6)Use of material resource. Chowking has its own supplier. The purchaser is the one recording the supplies that are coming every week. This raw material will be stored in the stock room and then it will be cooked and prepared. 7)Sanitation procedures/practices. Chowking was having their General Cleaning and Pest Control twice in every month. But it doesn’t, mean they do not conduct cleaning practices on regular day’s they do actually every day. Every opening and closing it is a MUST to clean up the surrounding’s, especially the dining area and it is important for them to ensure that the utensils and other equipment’s will be place correctly, sanitized clean. 8)Strengths. Chowking gives customers good food and quality service. The company stops in creating new ideas and concepts to expand the business that will provide the  community with excellent giving experience at the most affordable cost. To be the LEADING and PREFERED rice meal. Fast food chain provides its guest with the best value for money and a very memorable experience. The places not big it can accommodate as much as 125 guests. This branch of Chowking is pretty convenient to visit because it is located the mall. You can g here after you go shopping.. 9)IMPROVEMENTS AREA/WEAKNESSES. During my stay in chowking I noticed that some sensitive customers are complaining about how the waiter takes out their left over because waiter takes out the food using plastic bag and a paper bag only. 10) RECOMMENDATION. I’m looking forward that the management of chowking will someday consider having a comfort room inside the store so that the customer’s will not go to the public restroom of the mall. III.)CONCLUSION. In my stay in Chowking I have many things to conclude. First the staff and the managers who treated us a regular staff and not only as a trainee. They welcome us with their smile on their faces. Second my on job training is hard but I must say that I enjoyed it very much you will be able to meet different kind of personality. They taught me how to handle guest discriminating them with their satus. Summary of Status Report (In Emiramona Garden Hotel) During on my job training at emiramona it was existing at the same hard I met different kinds of people here because we not only have Filipino guest but also foreigners. My duty was always 8:00 AM in the morning until 8:00 PM evening and sometimes passed 8:00 if my manager or captain waiter wants to me overtime. Night shift again, I feel so bored today as GRS (Guest relation service. I don’t know why I had this feeling. I need to easy the laziness inside of me. When 7:00 PM arrives, the laziness and the boredom I felt, disappear because the guest have come take an under time we had four Korean guests, two ladies and 2 men. After I made the table set up in their table, one of them says thank you to me in our language, Filipino I felt slightly  shocked because of what he said. Because sometime when we had foreigner guest they speak pure English but one of different. Then I said he’s welcome. Then they give me a smile before I left. We have two parties today at the same time, one function hall and the other is in the dining area. Because of the overflowing of guests, I felt so tired, thanks to God our store are air-conditioned if not god it be a very hot day. Actually I should be in store at 12:00 noon but unfortunately I have my Saturday Class so I was not able to come in time. Today I because I had a headache, before I went to store, I to school to take an exam. But I didn’t my professor was not there. Our manager didn’t allow me first because it’s against the policy. So I told our manager that it will never happened again, just for the day. And then he I let me we have so many guest today because of that even the function hall was open for them. I felt so tired so that night. My duty is GRS but because of the overflowing guest, I helped the food servers. I do what they asked me to do because of the things they asked me to do I end up aching legs and so very tired. We have tree parties today at the same time. One birthday parties and two baptisms. The birthday held at the function hall and other at the dining area. And at the same day we have other party by 6:00 PM, the party of the big boss. Thank God my movements in serving food were faster than usual. And my period didn’t stop me in my work Due to few OJTs that will handle the situation; I extended an hour to help them. As a kitchen staff in chowking I developed my skill and I learn about serving the juice and meal for the guest because my position in chowking is cook or kitchen staff. Summary of Status Report (In restaurant) My on the job training in chowking is not that easy. But I must say that I’m happy because I take my ojt here. In my first day. I was afraid, nervous and exited at the sametime .afraid and nervous because this is my first time to take training in an establishment and exited because it is another challenge for me as an HRM student. My duty at first was 12:00 in the afternoon until 9:00 in the evening. First day I don’t know what I’m going to do regular Glen, one the seal talk to me. He oriented me about the things that I will do while I’m taking my training in their store. Taught me the basics cooking  etc. at first I was quiet id never talked to anyone unless they are talking to me ill just smile to them but as the days goes by, I felt comfortable to be with them every day whenever , I smiled at staffs and greet them. Customers relations service, one of my duty there I feel dizzy again because all I need to do is to greet the guest that will enter our store then I’ll take them to an empty tables and give them sometimes I do free cooking, back up portions wares free set up, e had four American guest two ladies and two men. After my duty he calls me for the one of them and he talked what is the best seller in chowking in tagalog. And I felt slightly shocked because he talk to me in tagalog and he ask what is the best seller in this company I suggest chicken Lauriat because this is a majority ordered from the customers because we have a canton and chicken chicharapbutchi and egg fried rice and pork siomai. And one them ask me ask me what is the ingredients of HALO-HALO and I tell all of ingredients. And she say thank you for suggesting. And i say no problem. Then she gave me smile before I left. And we have balk order today I fell nervous because it is a very big order from 168 office because the managers birthday. The order is 250 pcs of 1pc chicken and the manager say eldryn do this order I’m shocked because this is my 3rd day I really don’t carry of them without guide and one the regular he teach the processing cooking of chicken. And after 1 hour I’m done this order and I say thank you sir glen for helping me.