Free Essays on Jonh Mosby

John Singleton Mosby (1833-1916) John Singleton Mosby other wise known as the â€Å"Gray Ghost† was born in Edgemont Virginia on December 6,1833, into a prosperous slave-holding family. Sickly and spoiled he soon became the target of bullies; this caused him to develop a fiery temper that hid behind his frail looking body. He soon developed an unbending sense of justice and honesty. Although he disliked school. Mosby was bright and well read, He attended the University oh Virginia until he shot a bully, which got him expelled and jailed, His family got him a pardon. In 1855 Mosby was a lawyer he practiced law in Bristol Virginia. In 1857 he met Pauline Clarke and but December they were married. His greatest comfort would always lay with Pauline. Mosby opposed Virginias Secession until the war started .He entered the confederate service as part of the militia company that became part of the 1st Virginia Cavalry, Untill he came into conflict with his units Colonel† Grumble Jones† and the joined J.E.B Stuarts staff as a scout. During the Peninsula Campaign he paved the way for Stuart’s famous ride around McClellan. After a Brief period of captivity in July 1862 he rejoined Stuart and was rewarded with the authority to raise a band of partisans for the service in the Loudoun Valley in northern Virginia. Originally a battalion, his command was raised to a regiment in the last months of war. Between 1863 and 1865 , a 125square mile triangle of northern Virginia encompassing part of the Fauquier and loudoun counties was so firmly under the control of Col.Mosby’s 43rd Virginia cavalry that it became known simply as â€Å"Mosby’s Confederacy â€Å" Mosbys guerrilla fighters were known as the â€Å"Partisan Rangers† or â€Å"Mosby’s Rangers†. Supported by loyal civilians, Mosby and his guerrilla fighters blew up trains and bridges and harassed genera Philips Sheridan’s supply lines so effectively ... Free Essays on Jonh Mosby Free Essays on Jonh Mosby John Singleton Mosby (1833-1916) John Singleton Mosby other wise known as the â€Å"Gray Ghost† was born in Edgemont Virginia on December 6,1833, into a prosperous slave-holding family. Sickly and spoiled he soon became the target of bullies; this caused him to develop a fiery temper that hid behind his frail looking body. He soon developed an unbending sense of justice and honesty. Although he disliked school. Mosby was bright and well read, He attended the University oh Virginia until he shot a bully, which got him expelled and jailed, His family got him a pardon. In 1855 Mosby was a lawyer he practiced law in Bristol Virginia. In 1857 he met Pauline Clarke and but December they were married. His greatest comfort would always lay with Pauline. Mosby opposed Virginias Secession until the war started .He entered the confederate service as part of the militia company that became part of the 1st Virginia Cavalry, Untill he came into conflict with his units Colonel† Grumble Jones† and the joined J.E.B Stuarts staff as a scout. During the Peninsula Campaign he paved the way for Stuart’s famous ride around McClellan. After a Brief period of captivity in July 1862 he rejoined Stuart and was rewarded with the authority to raise a band of partisans for the service in the Loudoun Valley in northern Virginia. Originally a battalion, his command was raised to a regiment in the last months of war. Between 1863 and 1865 , a 125square mile triangle of northern Virginia encompassing part of the Fauquier and loudoun counties was so firmly under the control of Col.Mosby’s 43rd Virginia cavalry that it became known simply as â€Å"Mosby’s Confederacy â€Å" Mosbys guerrilla fighters were known as the â€Å"Partisan Rangers† or â€Å"Mosby’s Rangers†. Supported by loyal civilians, Mosby and his guerrilla fighters blew up trains and bridges and harassed genera Philips Sheridan’s supply lines so effectively ...

Paranoid essays

Paranoid essays Schizoid personality disorder has a complicated past. It was originally conceptualized as the personality type associated with schizophrenia. However, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders states that schizoid personality disorder should not be diagnosed if the pattern of behavior occurs exclusively during the course of schizophrenia. But this does not mean that the two cannot co-occur. Schizoid personality disorder most often co-occurs with schizotypal, paranoid, and avoidance personality disorders. At the turn of the twentieth century, schizoid personality disorder was described as a trait-like variant of schizophrenia. Others described it as shut-in personality, schizoidie, and even as autistic personality. The term schizoid was also used in broader terms to identify socially withdrawn patients who had great difficulty with intimacy and peculiar behavior now associated with schizotypal personality disorder. However schizoid personality disorder can be differentiated from other disorders. Schizoid personality disorder is different from schizotypal personality disorder in that schizotypal personality disorder lacks the cognitive and perceptual distortions that are associated with schizoid personality disorder. It can be distinguished from paranoid personality disorder by the lack of suspiciousness and paranoid ideation. The social isolation of schizoid personalities can be distinguished from that of avoidant personalities by a lack of fear of being embarrassed or found inadequate and an excessive anticipation of rejection. It can be distinguished from autistic disorder but not easily. Milder forms of autistic disorder are very similar to schizoid personality disorder, so differentiation is very difficult. This is also true for aspergers disorder. However, they can be differentiated. Their symptoms both exhibit more severely impaired social interaction and stereotyped b...

Management discussion and analysis of McDonald Company (MD&A) Essay

Management discussion and analysis of McDonald Company (MD&A) - Essay Example McDonald Company is a US based company and has branches worldwide. The company has opened several branches in order to reach out to an ever growing number of customers in other countries. The company aims in opening the branches are to achieve long-term goals, which are maximization of profits and competitiveness in the market (Connolly, 2007 P. 109). When the company has several branches, it is at a better stage of producing products at low cost of production and, therefore, maximizing their profits. In addition, opening several outlets means that other companies will not imitate the company’s product and implement them in their own countries. This enables the company to stay relevant in the market since their products will be unique due to lack of competition. Reference Connolly, B. M. (2007). International Business Finance. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Fried, G., Shapiro, J. S. & DeSchriver, T. (2008). Sport Finance-2nd Edition. New York, NY: Human Kinetics. Question 2 I choose to take an overview of the Management Discussion and Analysis of McDonald Company (MD&A). There are several fascinating things to learn from the company. First, The Company perceives itself as a franchisor and assumes franchising is significant to providing great, locally pertinent client experience as well as driving profitability. Second, McDonald’s revenues include sales by Organization-operated restaurants as well as fees from restaurants managed by franchisees Third, the firm is operated as separate geographic sections.... A, NJ: Pascal Press Question 3 Coast leadership, differentiation, as well as, focus strategies are applicable separately regarding any organization or environment. Any attempt to combine as well as reconciling the three strategies would lead in organizations being stuck along the way. The main reason why the three may not work together is because they differ on various dimensions and brings different requirements. These include resources, industry arrangement, skills, control procedures as well as management method. However, both cost leadership and differentiation strategies are unable to coexist in some firms while reconcilable in other industries. According to various studies done by scholars on manufacturing firms, it is clear that differentiators also engaged variables commonly linked to cost leadership strategy (Brigham et al, 2011 P. 87). Cost leadership strategy on the other side, also showed characteristics normally associated with differentiators. It suggests that there are no pure strategies and that both differentiation, as well as cost leadership, must be taken into consideration. McDonald company is one of American firms that have utilized differentiation strategy. The strategy calls for the creation of both product and service, which offers exclusive attributes, which are treasured by customers. The company learnt that the parent based there purchasing decision mostly on price. The McDonalds marketing executive, therefore, did what was seen as ingenious. They attached a $.50 toy in several of their products including the hamburger, French fries as well as coke. They went ahead, named the product a happy meal, and marketed it to the children. The industry knew that some clients visit its stores only to take a short break from their days work and not

Sports Counsil Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sports Counsil - Assignment Example Furthermore, it argued that it had revoked its offer after the swim had started on 7th July 2011 and sent boats after the swimmers to make it clear to the swimmers that there will not be any prize. They argued that they had used loudspeakers. But, Jennifer said she never heard any announcement particularly due to the bathing cap covering her ears and she was focused on her swimming only. Issue The problem is that Jennifer had accepted the offer made by Sports Council and joined the swimmers in the race. She reached the shore first and was entitled to a prize. However, Sports Council has refused to pay her the promised prize. Questions Related to the Case The following questions arise here that requires critical analysis and legal backup to reach to the advice for Jennifer: Q1. What laws are applicable to Jennifer vs. Sports Council case? Q2. Was the offer made by Sports Council an offer or an invitation to treat? Q3. Was Jennifer’s acceptance of the offer properly communicated to Sports Council? Q4. Is intention to create legal relations integral to creating a valid enforceable contract? Q5. Was there any contract between Jennifer and Sports Council? Q6. Was it a unilateral or bilateral contract? Q7. Was there any consideration? Q8. Was the revocation of the offer valid? Q9. Is Sports Council liable to pay the prize to Jennifer and any other damages in the instance of refusal to pay the prize? Q10. Does UK law provides any remedies to Jennifer in terms of a legal action against Sports Council? Flow of Discussion in the Paper This paper will address the above mentioned questions through the critical analysis of the four alternative grounds relied upon to refuse payment of prize money to Jennifer. The analysis will aim to evaluate each of the alternative ground in the light of United Kingdom’s Contract Law to reach to the conclusion whether these grounds are valid and have any force of law. The conclusion will help in determining the legal position of Jennifer and lay down the future course of action to claim the prize money. Analysis of the Alternative Grounds Relied upon by Sports Council a) The newspaper advertisement was not an offer but a mere puff and there was no intention to create legal relations. Paul Richard has defined offer as â€Å"an expression of a willingness to contract on certain terms made with the intention that a binding agreement will exist once the offer is accepted†1. The first step to formation of a contract is an offer. The offer is made between an offeror and offeree. The offeror shows or expresses a willingness to enter into a contract on certain and definite terms which will come into force and become binding as soon as they have been accepted by the offeree who has been addressed. However, the term â€Å"expression† refer to numerous forms of communicating to the offeree like newspaper, letter or email. It also includes a conduct of an offeror to an offeree that communicates to the latter due to which the offeree is willing to contract with the offeror. The expression can only be objective and not a subjective one. The courts conduct a test to determine whether there was an offer which was accepted to determine whether an agreement existed between both parties. In the leading British case Smith v Hughes (1871) LR 6 QB 597, the court held that: "If, whatever a man's real intention may be, he so conducts himself that a reasonable

Consolidated Life Case-Business Ethics Essay Example for Free

Consolidated Life Case-Business Ethics Essay Consolidated life is a prestigious insurance company however, due to the nature of the establishment the duties required by the worker neither required minimal knowledge nor did you have to have a high level education in order to obtain a position at the company. Mr. Mike Wilson however, obtained a business degree in administration. He was hired by Consolidated Life as simply as you can put a clerical worker. He worked in the policy issue department which main duties included processing or in taking clients orders for insurance, customer service, and client services. One would say that working for them; your performance required little to no creativity. It was the same day-to-day work load. Because it required so little creativity, daily routines were repetitive and can be done basically, with your hands tied to you back. Mike Wilson demonstrated how an effective a leader can be in the workforce rather than just a manager by title. He portrayed in existence of â€Å"high fidelity† which is the best experience you can have in a workplace. In the book Trade Off, by Author Kevin Maney, the word fidelity deals with â€Å"the total experience of something† (Maney, 2009). The author also says that â€Å"aura† can also provides an advantage to fidelity. With that being said Mr. Wilson influenced his co-workers with providing them with incentives and rewards in which they can gain a reward at the end of the task but most importantly he provided the right tools and motivations in order for his employees to work in a positive mind frame. This created a system of mutual bipartisanship between supervisor and employee. Model: based on the Organizational Model Behavior Mikes drive and motivation can be comparable to a person with theory y attributes. The theory Y concept displays how an employees work is as natural as play. Also a person with this characteristic has a huge sense of self-direction and self-control. Mr. Wilson showed this by cultivating a modern management technique that motivated its workers rather than coerced them which a person who you can place in this. Whereas, a person with the characteristics of theory x† carries the opposite attractions. The individual is not seen as enthusiastic about their job. They are mainly threatened or told â€Å"do it or else† and as stated before, lack the ability and drive to overachieve. They usually follow the motto, overpromise-under deliver. Mikes performance ultimately won him a promotion working in the supervisory assignment area. He won this promotion just six weeks after promise. Mike brought a sense of modern culture although it was seen as unorthodox or non-traditional. When comparing the delegation of authority in the levels of management the organization structure clearly shows that the establishment followed an authority oriented program in which Presidents are first to make decisions for the overall â€Å"vision† for the company in which it then trickles down to the VP who implements the President’s strategy by orchestrating a staff of supervisors to oversee the execution. Situation: There seems to be a drastic change to the division in which Mike supervised some time ago. When Mike realized his unhappiness at his new division he sought a remedy for disaster by returning to his old division forcing him under new terms and most importantly, a new boss. The performance value of his once over exceeding staff was now dwindled and unmotivated. The new way in which they worked became stricter and more inflexible. It was stale and there was no aura of high fidelity being promoted. Problems: The problem of this case has to do with mis-delegation of roles and mis-clarification for all parties. Not only that, the fact is the company as a whole has not identified its mission statement for their employees. With that being said the transition from the time Mike left became a tragedy. As stated before, the culture of the environment was slated after Mike left. It became from being a collegial environment to an autocratic environment once new vice president Jack Greely took over. Not only did he change the environment of the company, he basically dismantled the structure and rebuilt it based on his power. Until Mike was promoted the managerial style approach was not identified and supervisors, at this early time wanted a change and that’s why Mike was chosen to become supervisor. However, when Jack took Mike’s former supervisor’s place, the organization became, autocratic. An autocratic person can be defined as an employee that is dependent tot tally on a supervisor. This person has no other desire than to do what is only required out of the task and only the minimum. Usually in an autocratic setting the boss expects pure obedience from their employees and rely straight on authority from higher ups with no regard to any self-drive for themselves and lacks the qualities and abilities to take on initiatives and providing an entrepreneurial attitude about themselves. This can be explained by using the Abraham Maslow’s Theory found in an essay article written by Janet Simmons, Donald Irvin, and Beverly Drinnien which it states he says accordingly â€Å"that the only reason that people would not move well in direction of self-actualization is because of hindrances placed in their way by society† (Janet A. Simons, 1987). Also saying â€Å"We must see that the persons basic needs are satisfied. This includes safety, belongingness, and esteem needs† (Janet A. Simons, 1987) A person in the Consolidated Life organization that can be also skewed towards the autocratic style is Mr. Rick Belkner. Mike’s former boss. This, for lack of a better term, lazy supervisor (whom he was Mikes supervisor initially) illustrated as a person who rather do crossword puzzles during his work shift then to lead by example, what a competent Vice President of their division; shy 40,000 of a six-figure salary. The point was clearly made by Mr. Greely when he assumed that Mikes management style would still be undermined no matter how good of his performance. He even went to the extent of assuring that Mr. Wilson will fail no matter how high you move up in the establishment. It is almost agreeable to say that Mr. Speelys choose of words were not only rude but shows a poor and ineffective leader. Mr. Greely does not seem to be results-driven but ego-driven as his defense for Mikes work style was inarguable and measured his own assumption to Mikes performance rather than just judging an employee on what he does best, his/her performance. Reading how Mike handled it; amazingly enough. In the chart featured on page-You can see simple comparing of the two different types of behavioral patterns by identifying the qualities, organizational and environmental forces that are represented by the 2 behavior patterns. You will see the differences between a workers operating in an autocratic setting versus a person who operates under the collegial or supportive setting(s). By identifying the contrast you are able to see what kind of modifications or structures that would have to be put in place based on a employees attitude. The attitude in which comes from probably stems from personal goal, motivations, or self desires a person may have in their work space. Some individuals dont possess the willingness to achieve and be a leader. Some individual are quite happy with just being an average worker and moving up in the corporate latter is something that does not motivate them. Autocratic Environment Vs. Collegial /System Environment Base Questions for Case 1. Describe ALL the factors that contributed to Mike’s lack of promotion at the end. Was his lack of promotion fair? When Mike left the division, he left the process in which he created, to be altered by the new president upon his departure. The flexible leadership that led to the team success came to a halt when divisional vice president, Jack Greely; who’s reputation was described as tough but fair. Mike accepted the position at the old division again without really investigating the provisions in which he was now to work under. He loss total control when he noticed that co-workers were actually more inclined to follow Mr. Greelys direction because the employees knew the order of hierarchy and knew the consequences of action should one follow anyones demands except for Mr. Greelys. 2. Using your knowledge of culture, explain in detail Consolidated Life’s culture when Mike was first hired and then when he returned. There was a transition in the organization which proved to have opportunities due to the position void. Such example shows that Mike (when he was first hired by Consolidated Life) he was promoted to his position because of the opportunities of change. Mike’s style was not really favored by his â€Å"higher-ups† but because he manages to increase workflow and reduce errors, which created more performance his flexible style was overlook which sends a sign of â€Å"inconsistency†. If you are going to allow a manager to take over the project then let them take over. As long as they don’t compromise the integrity of the company or do anything illegal. 3. What actions could Consolidated Life have taken to prevent Mike’s problems? There should have been more flexibility granted for Mike to effectively coordinate his team. Mr. Wilsons track record clearly shows that as a supervisor he is competent to make educated decisions and lead a staff with ease. An employee is always happy when they are not pressured nor stressed. Most important of all, when a leader shows reciprocity, more than likely there would be a win-win. For Example, Mikes strategy to reward his co-workers in exchange for hard work showed the worker was not working out of vain and in fact he/she was being acknowledged and rewarded for the hard efforts being put forth. 4. Who do you think was at fault for Mike’s problems, Mike or his supervisors (e. g. , Jack) or others? Completely justify your opinion. The fault of Mike problems was his free spirited style which usually offends conservatives. Jack implemented a â€Å"corporate† style setting upon Mike’s return.

Mathematics of the Human Eye :: Math Vision

The Human Eye: Just what exactly goes on in our eye to produce images? Why can't some people see as well as others? Well my friend, look no further... the answers to your 2 most burning questions are about to come! First of all, what happens when we see images? Our eye acts as a simple model of a lens system. The average adult eye is about 25 mm in diameter. As light enters our eye, it is refracted first through the cornea which does about 80% of the refracting. The crystalline lens which is located after the aqueous humour (just under the cornea) approximately contributes the rest. Muscles around the crystyalline lens will contract or expand to adjust to the light rays entering so as to focus them onto the retina, just located at the back of the eye (assuming paraxial light rays). This adjusting process is called accomodation. For people who have no vision problems, all the light rays are focussed onto the retina as it should. Let's call this distance, from where the light enters at the crystalline lens to the retina as f (focal point). For people who don't have 20/20 vision, the light rays entering do not land on the fovea (majority of light rays strike at on the focal plane). People who can see close up objects but not far-sighted images, they're near-sighted. Why can't they see clearly? Well, the light rays that enter their eye is refracted too much and the focal point is located before the retina. Whereas, people who cannot see far away but can see close up objects, are far-sighted. This usually occurs in older people because the crystalline lens grows "stiffer", thus impeding it's ability to accomdate so there is less refraction and the focal point is located behind the retina. To correct both these common vision problems, glasses and contacts redirect the rays so that they may land on the retina. Nearsighted people need a lens system that will diverge the rays so that as it enters the cornea, it will refract light rays onto the fovea. Farsighted people need a lens system that will converge the rays so that as it enters the cornea, it will refract light rays onto the fovea. Astigmatism is also another common vision problem in people these days. When the cornea is irregularly shaped, ie. its' surface is not uniform due to greater thicknesses in certain parts of the cornea, light rays from objects refract all at different rates. Mathematics of the Human Eye :: Math Vision The Human Eye: Just what exactly goes on in our eye to produce images? Why can't some people see as well as others? Well my friend, look no further... the answers to your 2 most burning questions are about to come! First of all, what happens when we see images? Our eye acts as a simple model of a lens system. The average adult eye is about 25 mm in diameter. As light enters our eye, it is refracted first through the cornea which does about 80% of the refracting. The crystalline lens which is located after the aqueous humour (just under the cornea) approximately contributes the rest. Muscles around the crystyalline lens will contract or expand to adjust to the light rays entering so as to focus them onto the retina, just located at the back of the eye (assuming paraxial light rays). This adjusting process is called accomodation. For people who have no vision problems, all the light rays are focussed onto the retina as it should. Let's call this distance, from where the light enters at the crystalline lens to the retina as f (focal point). For people who don't have 20/20 vision, the light rays entering do not land on the fovea (majority of light rays strike at on the focal plane). People who can see close up objects but not far-sighted images, they're near-sighted. Why can't they see clearly? Well, the light rays that enter their eye is refracted too much and the focal point is located before the retina. Whereas, people who cannot see far away but can see close up objects, are far-sighted. This usually occurs in older people because the crystalline lens grows "stiffer", thus impeding it's ability to accomdate so there is less refraction and the focal point is located behind the retina. To correct both these common vision problems, glasses and contacts redirect the rays so that they may land on the retina. Nearsighted people need a lens system that will diverge the rays so that as it enters the cornea, it will refract light rays onto the fovea. Farsighted people need a lens system that will converge the rays so that as it enters the cornea, it will refract light rays onto the fovea. Astigmatism is also another common vision problem in people these days. When the cornea is irregularly shaped, ie. its' surface is not uniform due to greater thicknesses in certain parts of the cornea, light rays from objects refract all at different rates.

Term Paper on Ddbl Mobile Banking. Chittagong Cantonment Public College.

————————————————- 1. 0 Introduction Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL) has for the first time introduced its mobile banking service expanding the banking service from cities to remote areas. â€Å"Mobile banking is an alternative to the traditional banking through which banking service can be reached at the doorsteps of the deprived section of the society,† ————————————————- 1. 1 Origin of the Report This report is an outcome of one month Chittagong Cantonment Public College program prepared as the requirement of BBA program of the school of Business.The work on this report was carried out as Field based Report writing and presentation program on Dutch-Bangla Bank Mobile Banking in Bangladesh at the Mobile Banking Office, Agrabad MB Office, Shah Amir Plaza(1s tFloor),534/535, Sheikh Mujib Road Agrabad , Chittagong. This report is assigned and approved by academic supervisor Mr. Mohammed Abu Taher, Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Chittagong Cantonment Public College. The report is entitled as Field based Report writing and presentation program on Dutch-Bangla Bank Mobile Banking in Bangladesh. ————————————————- . 2 Objective of the study 1. To prepare a formal study on Mobile Banking System in the perspective of Bangladesh. 2. To know the acceptability level of transaction by Mobile Banking by rural people. 3. To find out the way of increasing the operational area of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh. 4. To identify the level of security and confidentiality of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh. 5. To find out the reasons of backwardness of Mobile Banking in rural area of Bangladesh. 6. To find out the remedies of the prob lems to implement mobile banking for rural people ————————————————- . 3 Methodology of the study The methodology exercised for this study is as follows: Types of Data: For this study both primary and secondary data has been used. a) Primary Source: Primary data have been collected form general people and user of cell phone and bank users. In order to collect the detail data, participatory observation method has also been used. b) Secondary Source: Beside primary data, necessary secondary data have been collected from the Newspapers, websites, textbooks, research articles, government publications and various published research works on mobile banking. ———————————————— 1. 4 Limitations of the study Maximum effort was given to make the study a successful one, but it suffers from some limitation those were apparently unavoidably. The major ones were: ? Shortage of time period: The major limitation faced to carry out this project was mainly time constraints. The time constraint of the study hindering the course of vast area and time for preparing a report within the mentioned period is really difficult. ? Secrecy of Management: The authority of DBBL did not disclose much information for keeping the organization confidential.They have restriction to disclose some secrete information to other. So, some data could not been collected for confidentiality or secrecy of management. ? Green field sector: One of the major limitations of this report is that no previous study is done before. So, secondary information was scarce. ? Busy working environment: The officials had some times been unable to provide information because of their huge routine work. That is why we do not gather vast knowledge about the critical issues. It is really difficult to gather data from the place where people do not know me for a long time. Lack of information: In the website, Mobile banking related information was limited. ————————————————- 2. 0 Organizational overview DBBL was the first bank in Bangladesh to be fully automated. The Electronic-Banking Division was established in 2002 to undertake rapid automation and bring modern banking services into this field. Full automation was completed in 2003 and hereby introduced plastic money to the Bangladeshi masses. DBBL also operates the nation's largest ATM fleet and in the process drastically cut consumer costs and fees by 80%.Moreover, DBBL choosing the low profitability route for this sector has surprised many critics. DBBL had pursued the mass automation in Banking as a CSR activity and never intended profitability from this sector. As a result it now provides unrivaled banking technology of ferings to all its customers. Because of this mindset, most local banks have joined DBBL's banking infrastructure instead of pursuing their own. Even with a history of hefty technological investments and an even larger donations, consumer and investor confidence has never waned.Dutch-Bangla Bank stock set the record for the highest share price in the Dhaka Stock Exchange in 2008. ————————————————- 2. 1 Pioneer of Mobile Banking Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL) has for the first time introduced its mobile banking service at 1st April, 2011 & expanding the banking service from cities to remote areas. Bangladesh Bank Governor Atiur Rahman yesterday inaugurated the service by depositing Tk 2,000 and withdrawing Tk 1,500 through Banglalink and Citycell mobile networks in Motijheel area. ———————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€ 2. 2 Achievement of DBBL on Mobile Banking sector Awards received by DBBL for launching best mobile banking services: ————————————————- 2. 3 Agent of DBBL Mobile Banking  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Agents Mobile Banking – Agents : ( Total = 13721 ) Dhaka  Division  ( 5422 )| Chittagong  Division  ( 2368 )| Sylhet  Division  ( 830 )| Barisal  Division  ( 812 )| Rangpur  Division  ( 1489 )| Khulna  Division  ( 1305 )| Rajshahi  Division  ( 1495 )| ————————————————- . 4 DBBL Mobile Banking Model Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL), a technology savvy commercial bank in Bangladesh, started Mobile Banking on 31 March, 2011. DBBL has followed a unique model for deployment of the Mobile Banking in Bangladesh. DBBL model has the following characteristics:| 1| Bank-led model:  DBBL Mobile Banking is a Bank-led model to fulfill the basic banking needs utilizing mobile phones in Bangladesh where only 24% of the adult population has bank accounts, but 60% are using mobile phones.This is contrary to the Mobile Banking in developed countries where almost 100% of the adult people have bank account, and as such there is no need for discharging basic banking activities using mobile phones, rather there is a requirement for the banks to discharge conventional banking services over the existing bank accounts more conveniently using mobile phones. | 2| Vision:  The vision of the DBBL Mobile Banking is to promote Banking to the unbanked (unlike other models in developing countries which promote P2P or ‘Send Money’), and to develop savings habit among the unbanked.Accordingly DBBL Mobile Banking started with and providing highest importance to the registration with proper KYC, Cash-in and C ash-out activities. Other activities like P2P, disbursement of foreign remittance, salary/wages, government’s/other allowances, air-time top-up, buying goods and services etc are considered as the by-product of the basic banking services. | 34| An account, not a wallet:  DBBL Mobile Banking considers the deposit of the customer as balance in his mobile account like balance in the savings or current accounts, not as electronic money or wallet.Four parties involved: DBBL Mobile Banking has involved four parties – Bank, Mobile Network Operators (MNO), Agents and Customers with a commission model to suit each of the parties. The commission charged to the customers is acceptable to them (customers), and at the same time it is motivational for the Bank, MNO and agents to run their respective business. Highest priority is given to the benefits of customers and agents. | 5| Four Cash movement tiers:  Customers can cash-in/cash-out at agents, agents at super agents and the super agents at bank branches. Thus ll the cash is ultimately deposited at a bank branch. To make the transactions convenient, provision has been kept for the customers and agents to perform the transaction directly at bank branches/ATMs. | 6| Four Geographical tiers:  To have better and close supervision on the customers, agents and super agents, develop the mobile banking market, quick and localized data entry during customer registration, and the dispute management, the country has been divided into four tiers – territory, upozila, district and division. | ————————————————- . 5 Number of Customer in Comparison with others. 2. 6 ————————————————- 2. 6 Comparison between DBBL Mobile Banking & bKash SL NO| Service Features| DBBL| Bkash| Remarks for DBBL| 1| Registration | Free| Free| Tk 100/- initial deposit for approbal| 2| Cash in at Bank| Free| N/A| | 3| Cash in at agent| 1%| Free| | 4| Cash out at Branch| Free| N/A| | 5| Cash out at ATM| Free| 2%| | 6| Cash out at agent| 2%| 1. 85%| Expecting to reduce the fee to 1% | 7| Inward Foreign Remittance| Free| N/A| | ———————————————— 3. 1 Mobile banking system Mobile Banking is a Banking process without bank branch which provides financial services to unbanked communities efficiently and at affordable cost. Mobile banking is a term used for performing balance checks, account transactions, payments, credit applications and other banking transactions through a mobile device such as a mobile phone or Personal Digital Assistant. The mobile banking services were offered over SMS, a service known as SMS banking. ————————†”——————— 3. 2 Current situation of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh Mobile banking is a new technology in Bangladesh. Mobile banking is a term used for performing balance checks, account transactions, payment, etc via mobile device such as mobile phones. Most people heard about it but not have a clear idea, almost 94% people heard about mobile banking and 6% haven’t heard about mobile banking. Mobile banking started from 31st March 2011. Dutch Bangla Bank Limited pioneered in mobile banking services in Bangladesh.Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited launched the service in collaboration with mobile phone operators Banglalink, and CityCell. Primarily mobile banking will provide the clients with cash deposit, cash withdrawal, merchant payment, utility payment, salary disbursement, foreign remittance, and fund transfer services. Nine other banks have also been licensed by the Bangladesh Bank to introduce mobile banking. Bangladesh Bank governo r Atiur Rahman inaugurated the service through depositing money in and withdrawing cash from two DBBL-authorized mobile service centers at Naya Paltan and Purana Paltan areas in the city.Mobile banking is a new concept, because of this, it would be a little more expensive for the users. The aim of mobile banking is to bring more people under the umbrella of banking service. Government thinks it has a great prospect as it is a new technology in digital Bangladesh. But in Bangladesh many people think traditionally, because they cannot think it has any facility to use mobile banking. 69% people feel mobile banking has prospect in Bangladesh whereas 31% think it has no prospect in Bangladesh as many people will not feel interest or have belief on mobile banking. ———————————————— 3. 3 DBBL’s Mobile Banking Services and offers a) Customer relation b) Cash deposit c) Cash withdrawal d) Foreign remittance e) Salary disbursement f) Person to person transfer (P2P) g) Air time top up h) Balance inquiry ————————————————- 3. 4 DBBL’s Mobile Banking procedure The users will have to pay a service charge of Tk50 for depositing Tk5,000 and Tk 100 to withdraw the same amount of money.The service charge will be whichever amount is higher between Tk5 and 1 percent of the deposited money at the cash-in end and whichever amount is higher between Tk10 and 2 per cent of the money withdrawn from the cash-out end. Any Banglalink, airtel or CityCell mobile user can register as a recipient of the service by paying a Tk10 fee to any authorized agent point of the DBBL or any retailer of CityCell, airtel and Banglalink. After registration, the users will be given a personal identification number and a check digit ranging from one to nine which will be added to his/her mobile number that will act as security measures.Every user will need his/her mobile set, check digit and PIN for making any transaction. â€Å"Customer’s money is safe as no one can withdraw money without taking possession of the mobile set, PIN and the check digit all together, no one will be able to deposit unwanted money into a mobile banking account without knowing the check digit, although the mobile number is publicly known. † The mobile banking is a part of digitalizing the banking sector and the central bank’s plan to bring the masses under financial inclusion. ———————————————— 3. 5 Future prospect of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh Based on the ‘International Review of Business Research Papers' from World business Institute, Australia, following are the key functional trends possible in world of Mobile Banking. With the advent of technology and increasing use of smart phone and tablet based devices, the use of Mobile Banking functionality would enable customer connect across entire customer life cycle much comprehensively than before.With this scenario, current mobile banking objectives of say building relationships, reducing cost, achieving new revenue stream will transform to enable new objectives targeting higher level goals such as building brand of the banking organization. Emerging technology and functionalities would enable to create new ways of lead generation, prospecting as well as developing deep customer relationship and mobile banking world would achieve superior customer experience with bi-directional communications. Illustration of objective based functionality enrichment In Mobile Banking Communication enrichment: – Video Interaction with agents, advisors. * Pervasive Transactions capabilities: – Comprehensive â€Å"Mobile wallet† * Customer Education: – â€Å" Test drive† for demos of banking services. * Connect with new customer segment: – Connect with Gen Y – Gen Z using games and social network ambushed to surrogate bank’s offerings. * Content monetization: – Micro level revenue themes such as music, e-book download . * Vertical positioning: – Positioning offerings over mobile banking specific industries. * Horizontal positioning: – Positioning offerings over mobile banking across all the industries. ———————————————— 3. 6 History of Mobile Banking in Abroad Improving access to financial services, such as savings, deposits, insurance and remittances, is vital to reducing poverty. Savings can help poor people to invest in productive assets like livestock, a loan may help to expand business activities, and insurance can provide income for a family if a breadwinner becomes sick. In many developing countries, however, 9 out of 10 people do not have a bank account or access to basic financial services.Poor people are often not considered viable customers by the formal financial sector as their transaction sizes are small, and many live in remote areas beyond the reach of banks branch networks. Informal banking services such as microfinance and village savings and loan associations remain limited in their reach. The first mobile banking and payment initiatives were announced during 1999 (the same year that Fundamental deployed their first prototype). The first major deployment was made by a company called Pay box (largely supported financially by Deutsche Bank).The company was founded by two young German’s (Mathias Entemann and Eckart Ortwein) and successfully deployed the solution in Germany, Austria, Sweden, Spain and the UK. At about 2003 more than a million people were registered on Pay box and the company was rated by Gartner as the leader in the fiel d. Unfortunately Deutsche Bank withdraws their financial support and the company had to reorganize quickly. All but the operations in Austria closed down. Another early starter and also identified as a leader in the field was a Spanish initiative (backed by BBVA and Telephonica), called Mobi Pago.The name was later changed to Mobi Pay and all banks and mobile operators in Spain were invited to join. The product was launched in 2003 and many retailers were acquired to accept the special USSD payment confirmation. Because of the complex shareholding and the constant political challenges of the different owners, the product never fulfilled the promise that it had. With no marketing support and no compelling reason for adoption, this initiative is floundering at the moment. Many other large players announced initiatives and ran pilots with big fanfare, but never showed traction and all initiatives were ultimately discontinued.Some of the early examples are the famous vending machines at the Helsinki airport supported by a system from Nokia. Siemens made announcements in conjunction with listed and high-flying German e-commerce company, Brokat. Brokat also won the lucrative Vodafone contract in 2002, but crashed soon afterwards when it runs out of funds. Israel (as can be expected) produced a large number of mobile payment start-ups. Of the many, only one survived – Trivnet. Others like Adamtech (with a technically sound solution called Cell pay) and Paytt disappeared after a number of pilots but without any successful production deployments.Initiatives in Norway, Sweden and France never got traction. France Telecom launched an ambitious product based on a special mobile phone with an integrated card reader. The solution worked well, but never became popular because of the unattractive, special phone that participants needed in order to perform these payments. Since 2004, mobile banking and payment industry has come of age. Successful deployments with positi ve business cases and big strategic impact have been seen recently. 3. 7 ————————————————- Mobile Banking servicesMobile banking can offer service such as the following: Account information: i. Mini- statement and checking of account history ii. Alerts on account activity or passing of set thresholds iii. Monitoring of term deposits iv. Access to loan statements v. Access to card statements vi. Mutual funds/equity statement vii. Insurance policy management viii. Pension plan management ix. Status on cheque, stop payment on cheque. Payment and transfers: i. Domestic and international fund transfers ii. Micro-payment handling iii. Mobile recharging iv. Commercial payment processing v. Bill payment processing i. Person to Person payment Investment: i. Portfolio management service ii. Real-time stock quotes iii. Personalized alerts and notification on security prices Support: i. Status of request for credit including mortgage approval, and insurance ii. Coverage iii. Check (cheque) book and card requests iv. Exchange of data messages and email, including complaint submission and tracking v. ATM location Content service: i. General information such as weather up dates, news ii. Loyalty-related offers iii. Location-based services ————————————————- . 8 Basic Mobile Banking Technologies There are four fundamental approaches to mobile banking. The first two rely on technologies that are standard features on almost all cell phones. Interactive Voice Response (IVR): If we have ever called our credit card issuer and meander through a confusion of prompts — â€Å"For English, press 1; for account information, press 2† – then you’re familiar with interactive voice response. In mobile banking, it works like this: Banks advertis e a set of numbers to their customers. a) Customers dial an IVR number on their mobile phones. ) They are greeted by a stored electronic message followed by a menu of options. c) Customers select an option by pressing the corresponding number on their keypads. d) A text-to-speech program reads out the desired information. IVR is the least sophisticated and the least â€Å"mobile† of all the solutions. In fact, it doesn’t require a mobile phone at all. It also only allows for inquiry-based transactions, so customers can’t use it for more advanced services. ————————————————- 3. 9 Mobile Banking Business Model Banking models is evolving.If mobile banking is being used to attract low-income populations in often rural locations, the business model will depend on banking type. These models differ primarily on the question that who will establish the relation ship (account opening, deposit taking, lending etc. ) to the end customer. Bank-focused model The bank-focused model emerges when a traditional bank uses non-traditional low-cost delivery channels to provide banking services to its existing customers. Example: range from use of automatic teller machines (ATMs) to internet banking or mobile phone banking to provide certain limited banking services to bank’s customers.Bank-led model The bank-led model offers a distinct alternative to conventional branch-based banking in that customer conducts financial transactions through mobile phone instead of at bank branches or through bank employees. This model promises the potential to substantially increase the financial services outreach by using retailers or mobile phones. Non-bank-led model The non-bank-led model is where a bank has a limited role in the day-to-day account management. Typically its role in this model is limited to safe-keeping of funds.Account management functions ar e conducted by a non-bank who has direct contact with individual customers. ————————————————- 3. 10 Advantage of Mobile Banking The biggest advantage that mobile banking offers to banks is that it drastically cuts down the costs of providing service to the customers. For example an average teller or phone transaction costs about $2. 36 each, whereas an electronic transaction costs only about $0. 10 each. Additionally, this new channel gives the bank ability to cross-sell up-sell their other complex banking products and services such as vehicle loans, credit cards etc.For service providers, Mobile banking offers the next surest way to achieve growth. Countries like Korea where mobile penetration is nearing saturation, mobile banking is helping service providers increase revenues from the now static subscriber base. Service providers are increasingly using the complexity of their supported mobile banking services to attract new customers and retain old ones. A very effective way of improving customer service could be to inform customers better. Credit card fraud is one such area.A bank could, through the use of mobile technology, inform owners each time purchases above a certain value have been made on their card. This way the owner is always informed when their card is used, and how much money was taken for each transaction. Similarly, the bank could remind customers of outstanding loan repayment dates, dates for the payment of monthly installments or simply tell them that a bill has been presented and is up for payment. The customers can then check their balance on the phone and authorize the required amounts for payment. The customers can also request for additional information.They can automatically view deposits and withdrawals as they occur and also pre- schedule payments to be made or cheques to be issued. Similarly, one could also request for s ervices like stop cheque or issue of a cheque book over one’s mobile phone. There are number of reasons that should persuade banks in favor of mobile phones. They are set to become a crucial part of the total banking services experience for the customers. Also, they have the potential to bring down costs for the bank itself. Through mobile messaging and other such interfaces, banks provide value added services to the customer at marginal costs.Such messages also bear the virtue of being targeted and personal making the services offered more effective. They will also carry better results on account of better customer profiling. Yet another benefit is the anywhere/anytime characteristics of mobile services. A mobile is almost always with the customer. As such it can be used over a vast geographical area. The customer does not have to visit the bank ATM or a branch to avail of the bank’s services. Research indicates that the number of footfalls at a bank’s branch h as fallen down drastically after the installation of ATMs.As such with mobile services, a bank will need to hire even less employees as people will no longer need to visit bank branches apart from certain occasions. With Indian telecom operators working on offering services like money transaction over a mobile, it may soon be possible for a bank to offer phone based credit systems. This will make credit cards redundant and also aid in checking credit card fraud apart from offering enhanced customer convenience. The use of mobile technologies is thus a winwin proposition for both the banks and the bank’s customers.The banks add to this personalized communication through the process of automation. For instance, if the customer asks for his account or card balance after conducting a transaction, the installed software can send him an automated reply informing of the same. These automated replies thus save the bank the need to hire additional employees for servicing customer need s. ————————————————- 3. 11 Disadvantage of Mobile Banking Security: Security experts generally agree that mobile banking is safer than computer banking because very few viruses and Trojans exist for phones.That does not mean mobile banking is immune to security threats, however. Mobile users are especially susceptible to a phishing-like scam called â€Å"smishing. † It happens when a mobile banking user receives a fake text message asking for bank account details from a hacker posing as a financial institution. Many people have fallen for this trick and had money stolen through this scam. Online banking is usually done through an encrypted connection so that hackers cannot read transmitted data, but consider the consequences if your mobile device is stolen.While all banking applications require us to enter a password or PIN, many people configure their mobile device s to save passwords, or use insecure passwords and PINs that are easy to guess. Compatibility: We need a smart phone to get the most out of mobile banking. Mobile banking is not available on every device. Some banks do not provide mobile banking at all. Others require you to use a custom mobile banking application only available on the most popular smart phones, such as the Apple iPhone and RIM Blackberry. Third-party mobile banking software is not always supported.If we do not own a smart phone, the types of mobile banking we can do are usually limited. Checking bank account balances via text message is not a problem, but more advanced features such as account transfers are generally not available to users of â€Å"dumb phones. † Cost: The cost of mobile banking might not appear significant if we already have a compatible device, but we still need to pay data and text messaging fees. Some financial institutions charge an extra fee for mobile banking service, and we may need to pay a fee for software. These extra charges quickly add up, especially if we access mobile banking ———————————————— 4. 1 Incentive disbursement utilizing Mobile Banking DBBL providing incentive disbursement services by utilizing mobile banking. This is very quick & convenient process of incentive disbursement. Some companies are signed agreement with DBBL for this service. Such as: Dutch-Bangla Bank (DBBL) and D. Net has signed an agreement on August 07, 2012 on Mobile Banking Services at the Head Office of DBBL. The agreement was signed by Dr. Ananya Raihan, Executive Director of D. Net and Mr. K. S. Tabrez, Managing Director of DBBL on behalf of their respective organizations.Under this agreement, field level agents of D. Net will receive their commission in their DBBL Mobile Banking Accounts. After receiving their incentive, commission, salary in their mobile account s, the agents will be able to withdraw/ deposit cash from any nearby agent or DBBL branches, withdraw money from any DBBL ATM, transfer money to other mobile accounts, buy goods and services from retailers and pay utility bills throughout the country and moreover will get the opportunity of â€Å"Banking with a bank†. Dr. Ananya Raihan, Executive Director of D. Net and Mr. K. S.Tabrez, Managing Director of DBBL sign on behalf of their respective organizations. ————————————————- 4. 2 Salary payment utilizing Mobile Banking DBBL providing salary payment services by utilizing mobile banking. This service makes quick salary payment to large number of employee in organization. Some company signed agreement with DBBL for this service. Such as: Dutch-Bangla Bank (DBBL) and  Bengal  Group of Industries have signed an agreement on Mobile  BankingServices at the DBBL He ad Office on June 06, 2012. The agreement was signed by Mr. Humayun Kabir, Director, Bengal Group of Industries and Mr.Mir Mominul Huq, Head of Mobile Banking, DBBL on behalf of their respective organizations. Under this agreement, employees of  Bengal  Group  of Industries will receive their monthly salaries in their DBBL Mobile Banking Accounts. After receiving their salaries in their mobile accounts, employees will be able to withdraw/ deposit cash from any nearby agent, DBBL branches and ATMs, transfer money to other mobile accounts, buy goods and services from retailers and pay utility bills throughout the country and moreover will get the opportunity of banking with a bank. Mr. Mir Mominul Huq, Head of Mobile Banking and Mr.Humayun Kabir, Director, Bengal Group of Industries, DBBL on behalf of their respective organizations. ————————————————- 4. 3 Real Cardless ATM Transaction utilizing Mobile Banking At DBBL, the mobile banking customers physically go to an ATM, push the †Mobile Banking† marked button, type their mobile account number, the amount to withdraw, their PIN and push the â€Å"Correct† marked button. The customers then receive a Push-sms or IVR call to their mobile phone from the Mobile Banking system requesting them to type their PIN again on their mobile phone.The customers then type their PIN and the ATM dispenses the requested money. In the DBBL process, the customers operate the ATM using their mobile phone instead of a debit or credit card. DBBL has innovated a real cardless ATM transaction for the first time in the world which is AML compliant, convenient and secure, protecting you from the risk of ATM frauds like skimming. Real Cardless ATM Transactions For the first time in the world. ——————————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- 4. 4 Prepaid Top-UP utilizing Mobile Banking.All the Dutch-Bangla Bank Mobile Banking account holders no longer have to take the time and trouble of finding and visiting a nearby location to top-up their mobile phone talk time/airtime. With the convenience of Dutch-Bangla Bank Mobile Banking, they can top up their own or someone else’s talk time/ airtime free of charge. anytime. anywhere. Top-up using with Mobile Banking. ————————————————- 5. 1 Implementation of Mobile Banking through Rural People Rural poor people living on less than 140 taka a day, they can receive banking services via their mobile phones.It probably won't happen, but it would be amazing if it did. ? Increase Interest to Use: Many rural people heard about mobile banking. But they yet have not felt that they should use it as they are happy to use traditional banking system. Some peopl e feel interest to use it. About 55% people feel they should use it and 45% people haven’t feel to use mobile banking. ? Make easy transfer of money: The problem of domestic remittances is often overlooked. large cities like Dhaka are home to millions of migrants who would love to send money back to their families elsewhere in the country but who are unbanked and have no real means of doing so.But they want to send money to village. The ability to remit money domestically with little more than a text message could be revolutionary. ? Transfer international remittance: People’s international remittances, which already a big part of national income, can be transferred by mobile phone to their relatives. Mobile banking has ability to send money directly from mobile phone to mobile phone is orders of magnitude easier and cheaper. ? Reduce Cost and increase saving: About 75% rural people are poor, they lives under poverty line.It is convenient, affordable and it is much mor e effective in developing savings habits, it will make access to banking and advanced payment transactions at affordable cost. All people know that its cost is not higher than traditional banking. Around 56% people say its cost is lower, 20% say same and 24% say it is affordable than traditional banking. ? Make them banked: Then there's the emphasis on the rural people to introduce in banking. Although the rural people are more likely to be unbanked and therefore in need of mobile banking services, they haven't been directly targeted by many of the first wave of mobile banking providers.The rural people, of course, are both a new customer segment and generally the very last adopters of any new technology. It's hard to sell banking services to someone who neither knows nor understands what a bank is. ? Motivate them to use their Accounts: Another risk is that the goal will be reached but in name only, people might have mobile-banking accounts, and might even automatically get such an account when they get their phone. But the accounts might not be used, and in so far as they are used, they might be use only for payments and not for real banking services.So they have to be motivated. ? Make it easy to use: It is much more effective in developing savings habits. Its using system is also easy. Anyone can use it. Poor rural people are often not considered viable customers by the formal financial sector as their transaction sizes are small, and many live in remote areas beyond the reach of banks branch networks. ? Aware them that Mobile Banking is better than Traditional Banking: Mobile banking is real time on-line banking. Show them how mobile banking is on-line banking and it takes less time than traditional banking.It will make access to banking and advanced payment, transactions at affordable cost. ? Introduce Time Saving banking: Mobile banking is available anytime, anywhere throughout the country. So it can save one’s time. But about 70% people think th at mobile banking can save their time, where as 30% think it cannot save time. ? Make secure and trust worthy banking: Make mobile banking much safer and safeguard against fraudulent transactions, and one can trust mobile banking as traditional banking system. Show them it has secured pin code which is known by the user, and also has a check digit without it no one can deposit money.The poor rural people often have greater familiarity and trust with mobile phone companies than formal banking institutions. ?Save them from unnecessary harassment: Informal banking services such as microfinance and village savings and loan associations remain limited in their reach. So, mobile banking system develops to bring poor rural people into banking system. 83% people face or heard no problem to use mobile banking. But 17% people heard or face problems to use it like sometimes transaction do not reach at time, cannot operate it easily as traditional banking. Make a promise to serve better: The pr omise of mobile banking for the rural people is that mobile phone providers have managed to get a degree of penetration among the country's rural people. Mobile phone providers are likely to continue in the direction they're headed in at the moment, staying away from banking regulation, confining themselves largely to payments rather than fully-fledged banking, and targeting their entire customer base without any particular emphasis on the bottom of the pyramid.Will the mobile phone companies sign on, even if they see lots of regulatory headaches and very few profits by doing so? The answer to that question could be the given by the mobile companies and banks. ————————————————- 5. 2 Benefits of Mobile Banking in Prospective of rural people. Mobile banking has several benefits for peoples, specially for rural poor people: ? Mobile banking Makes Life Easier: It is real time on-line banking, available anytime, anywhere throughout the country. It is convenient, affordable and secure; it is much more effective in developing savings habits ?Speedy and safeguard: It will make access to banking and advanced payment transactions at affordable cost. It is much safer, speedy and safeguard against fraudulent transactions. All of the characteristics of mobile banking make life easier. ? Secure: In mobile banking is Secure, a confidential pin code is used by the user. PIN ensures security of money and protects fraudulent transactions. So mobile banking is fully secured. ?Any time access: One benefit of mobile banking is a very speedy process. Transaction can be done anytime anywhere quickly in less time. 00% people believe that it is a speedy process. ? Small account for poor: Mobile banking started with the idea to bring the poor rural under the umbrella of banking sector especially rural poor as there are not much bank facilities, also there savings is low so th ey feel shy to go to bank. ? Easy to use: Its using system is also easy. Anyone can use it. ? Easy way to send money: People are like to send money easily to their relatives; Mobile banking has ability to send money directly by mobile phone. People can get the service of easy transferring money through mobile banking. Remittance transfer: International remittances can be transferred by mobile phone to one country to another. Mobile banking has ability to send money directly from mobile phone to mobile phone. ? Increase banking activities: Although the rural people are unbanked by mobile banking services they are converted into banked people. It is developing savings habits, it will make access to banking and advanced payment transactions. ————————————————- 5. 3 Challenges for a Mobile Banking Solutions Key challenges in developing sophisticated mobile banking applications are: . Handset operability: There are a large number of different mobile phone devices and it is a big challenge for banks to offer mobile banking solution on any type of device. Some of these devices support Java ME and others support SIM Application Toolkit, a WAP browser, or only SMS. Initial interoperability issues however have been localized, with countries like India using portals like R-World to enable the limitations of low end java based phones, while focus on areas such as South Africa have defaulted to the USSD as a basis of communication achievable with any phone.The desire for interoperability is largely dependent on the banks themselves, where installed applications (Java based or native) provide better security, are easier to use and allow development of more complex capabilities similar to those of internet banking while SMS can provide the basics but becomes difficult to operate with more complex transactions. There is a myth that there is a challenge of interoperab ility between mobile banking applications due to perceived lack of common technology standards for mobile banking.In practice it is too early in the service lifecycle for interoperability to be addressed within an individual country, as very few countries have more than one mobile banking service provider. In practice, banking interfaces are well defined and money movements between banks follow the IS0-8583 standard. As mobile banking matures, money movements between service providers will naturally adopt the same standards as in the banking world. On January 2009, Mobile Marketing Association (MMA) Banking Sub-Committee, chaired by CellTrust and VeriSign Inc. published the Mobile Banking Overview for financial institutions in which it discussed the advantages and disadvantages of Mobile Channel Platforms such as Short Message Services (SMS), Mobile Web, Mobile Client Applications, SMS with Mobile Web and Secure SMS. 2. Security: Security of financial transactions, being executed fr om some remote location and transmission of financial information over the air, are the most complicated challenges that need to be addressed jointly by mobile application developers, wireless network service providers and the banks' IT departments.The following aspects need to be addressed to offer a secure infrastructure for financial transaction over wireless network: * Physical part of the hand-held device. If the bank is offering smart-card based security, the physical security of the device is more important. * Security of any thick-client application running on the device. In case the device is stolen, the hacker should require at least an ID/Password to access the application. * Authentication of the device with service provider before initiating a transaction. This would ensure that unauthorized devices are not connected to perform financial transactions. User ID / Password authentication of bank’s customer. ? Encryption of the data being transmitted over the air. * Encryption of the data that will be stored in device for later / off-line analysis by the customer. * One-time passwords (OTP’s) is the latest tool used by financial and banking service providers in the fight against cyber fraud. Instead of relying on traditional memorized passwords, OTPs are requested by consumers each time they want to perform transactions using the online or mobile banking interface. When the request is received the password is sent to the consumer’s phone via SMS.The password is expired once it has been used or once its scheduled life-cycle has expired. Because of the concerns made explicit above, it is extremely important that SMS gateway providers can provide a decent quality of service for banks and financial institutions in regards to SMS services. Therefore, the provision of service level agreements (SLAs) is a requirement for this industry; it is necessary to give the bank customer delivery guarantees of all messages, as well as measurements on the speed of delivery, throughput, etc. SLAs give the service parameters in which a messaging solution is guaranteed to perform. . Application distribution: Due to the nature of the connectivity between bank and its customers, it would be impractical to expect customers to regularly visit banks or connect to a web site for regular upgrade of their mobile banking application. It will be expected that the mobile application itself check the upgrades and updates and download necessary patches (so called â€Å"Over the Air† updates). However, there could be many issues to implement this approach such as upgrade / synchronization of other dependent components. ————————————————- 5. Problems to implement of Mobile Banking through rural people Key challenges in developing a sophisticated mobile banking application through rural people are: * Poverty: Poverty is a main pr oblem of 3rd world country like Bangladesh. Rural people are not able to buy their food easily, so how they can buy a mobile phone or open a account in bank? * Illiterate people: A big amount of rural people are illiterate, so they are not aware of banking system yet. So they are not interested in mobile banking system. * Weak infrastructure: The socio economic infrastructure is very weak in Bangladesh.About more than 80% rural people has no account in traditional banking system, where mobile banking is a new concept, people have doubt about mobile banking. * Lack of trust: As it is a new method of banking people haven’t 100% faith on it. So, people don’t want to take any risk by giving suggestion to use it. Rural people feel it will not make life easier as it may not be trust worthy and it is not secured as they cannot fully trust on online banking than traditional banking system. * Lack of awareness: The rural people have lack of awareness they feel upper class or mi ddle class people can use mobile banking. Operating complexity: Handset operability is a vital problem of Mobile Banking There are a large number of different mobile phone devices and it is a big challenge for banks to offer mobile banking solution on any type of device. There is a problem that there is a challenge of interoperability between mobile banking applications due to perceived lack of knowledge in technology standards for mobile banking. * Security: Security of financial transactions, being executed from some remote location and transmission of financial information over the air, are the most complicated challenges that eed to be addressed jointly by mobile application developers, wireless network service providers and the banks' IT departments. When Security of any thick-client application running on the device. In case the device is stolen, the hacker should require at least an ID/Password to access the application. Banks unable to meet the performance and reliability ex pectations may lose customer confidence. 6. 0 ————————————————- Mobile Banking at a Glance ————————————————- 6. 1 What is Mobile Banking?Mobile banking is a Banking process without bank branch which provides financial service to unbanked communities efficiently and at affordable cost. To provide banking and financial service through mobile technology devices i. e mobile phone called mobile banking. ————————————————- 6. 2 Benefits of Mobile Banking: * Real time on-line banking. * Available anytime, anywhere throughout the country. * It is convenient, affordable and secure. * It is much more effective in developing saving habits. * It will make access to banking and advanced payment transactions at affordable cost. It is much safe, speedy and safeguard against fraudulent transactions. 6. 3 ————————————————- What does DBBL Mobile Banking offer? * Customer Registration. * Cash-in (Cash deposit). * Cash-out (Cash withdrawal) * Foreign Remittance. * Salary disbursement. * Person to person transfer (P2P). * Mobile Top-Up. * Balance inquiry. 6. 4 ————————————————- Where to register? Customer can register at any authorized agent point of DBBL who can display â€Å"DBBL Agent Certificate† and â€Å"DBBL Mobile Banking Banner†. . How to register mobile account? * Customer fills up the KYC Form and submits to agent along with his or her photograph and national ID. * Agent goes to Customer Registration Menu fr om his or her mobile and inserts customer’s mobile number. * Customer receives an IVR call or USSD prompt and in reply, she or he gives 4-digit PIN number at his or her choice. * A Mobile Account is created in DBBL system which is his or her mobile number +one check digit. * Customer receives a confirmation SMS which contains his or her Mobile Account Number. 2 . Why PIN is required?PIN is required to be inputted during cash withdrawal from an Agent Point of DBBL or DBBL Branch or DBBL ATM. PIN ensure security of your money and protect fraudulent transactions. 3. Why PIN is strictly confidential? PIN is the key for transaction of Mobile Banking. Only correct match of PIN & Mobile Number can access the Mobile Account. PIN is needed to verify the A/C owner by the system. If a PIN is disclosed, respective account is at risk; therefore, PIN should be handled very carefully. 4. Why Check Digit? Mobile number is public and known to many people.Without knowing your check digit, none will be able to deposit money at your account, thus it helps to keep your mobile account confidential. On the other hand, a check digit eliminates typing error, thus protects sending or depositing money to a wrong account. 5. Which Telco’s Mobile can be registered? Customer having any mobile from any mobile operator can be registered for DBBL Mobile Banking at any nominated agent point of the bank. 6. What are the necessary documents for registration? * Duly filled in KYC form. * Photograph of account holder. National ID or any other acceptable ID with photograph. 7. What is my Mobile Account Number? Your mobile account number is your mobile number with an additional check digit. For example, if your mobile number is 01233445566 and check digit is 3, then your mobile number account will be 012334455663. 8. What type of mobile set is required? Any type of mobile set can be used for DBBL mobile banking. 9. How much initial deposit is required? Customer can open a DBBL Mobile A ccount with an initial deposit of taka 100/- (one hundred) only. 10. Can I deposit and withdraw money immediately after registration?You can deposit money immediately after registration. However, you can withdraw after your account is fully registered. Bank officer verify the information on the registration form (KYC form) and authorizes the account for full registration. Normally 1-2working days are required for full registration. After your account is fully registrated, you will get an SMS notification. ————————————————- 7. 1 Findings 1. Maximum people are unknown with DBBL Mobile Banking. 2. Maximum rural people are illiterate. 3. DDBL Mobile Banking only provides Savings Account facility not others. . DBBL not providing merchant payment service. 5. Sometimes facing network problem. 6. DBBL do not sanction loan by Mobile Banking. 7. Cash inflow & outflow charge is highe r. 8. Hide information/ Not provide real information. 9. Difficult to collect necessary information. 10. Limited number of Mobile Banking Branch. ————————————————- 7. 2 Recommendations After reviewing these problems, we can follow the following recommendations: ? Increase Awareness: The rural people have lack of awareness and they haven’t much faith on it.So banks and mobile phone companies and government have to make them aware about mobile banking. ? Interest to Use: Banks and mobile phone companies and government have to promote the mobile banking system and grow interest in peoples mind. ? Develop infrastructure: The socio economic infrastructure is very weak. Government has to develop the infrastructure to ensure education to all and then people can gather knowledge and they can remove their doubt about mobile banking. ? Make easier to use: Mobile banking syste m is easy, but to rural people it is not so easy to use.Mobile companies and banks have to make the process easier than now. ? Reduce cost: I think the current mobile banking provider DBBL charge much for transaction. To grow interest in peoples mind transaction cost has to reduce. ? Security: Security is the main barrier which has to ensure for mobile banking process. And many people have doubt in their mind about that. So the process has to make more Trust Worthy ? Campaign: Rural people are not aware about banking system. About more than 80% of people has no account in traditional banking system, where mobile banking is a new concept.So it is essential to make campaigns in village to village to aware them. ? Tell the people about the benefits: Mobile banking is a banking process that offers financial services like cash deposit, cash withdrawal, merchant payment, utility payment, salary disbursement, remittance inflow and outflow and government allowance disbursement through mobil e gadgets. ? Develop operability: Make easy and effective operating of mobile phone to banking like using Short Message Services (SMS), Mobile Web, Mobile Client Applications, SMS with Mobile Web and Secure SMS will increase mobile banking activities. Ensure security through wireless network: The physical security of the mobile device is more important. Security of any ID/Password is more important. ? Ensure reliability: With mobile banking, the customer may be sitting in any part of the world (true anytime, anywhere banking) and hence banks need to ensure that the systems are up and running in a true 24 x 7 fashion will increase banks performance and reliability of customer. ————————————————- 7. 3 Conclusion The growth of mobile banking technology is increasingly hard to ignore.Analyst firm & Research reports that nearly 50 percent of all mobile users in the United States will be using mobile banking within four years use mobile financial services today. With the advent of technology and increasing use of smart phone and tablet based devices, the use of Mobile Banking functionality would enable customer connect across entire customer life cycle much comprehensively than before. Mobile banking can play a vital role both banking and mobile sector. It has also impact on social sector too. One day Mobile banking will make rural people’s life easier than today.Although it has been tried on the best level to make this report informative and better but limitations are inevitable for any report. Finally, we would like to say the overall performance of DBBL Mobile Banking section is excellent. Their progressive trends are quite consistent and steady. This will help the Bank and facilitate as a market leader in Banking sector. ——————————————— - Abbreviations DBBL=Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited. KYC= Know Your Customer. IVR= Interactive Voice Response. USSD=Unstructured Supplementary Service Data.UISC=Union information and Service center. P2P=Person to person. ATM=Automated Teller Machine. PIN=Personal identification number. ————————————————- Questionnaire 1. DBBL Mobile banking division can provide services according to customer demand. * Yeas * No 2. What are the major constraint’s of mobile banking? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. What are the objectives of DBBL ? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. How many mobile Banking Account DBBL have? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5. What is the latest service of DBBL Mobile Banking? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6. Is rural people can easily adopt DBBL Mobile Banking service. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7. What is DBBL Future plan ? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8. What new service DBBL want to add with existing service? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9. Is Mobile Banking Division of DBBL profitable . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10. What are the major problem can you face? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11. What are the difference between DBBL Mobile Banking and bkash ? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12.What are the security measure taken from DBBL for Mobile account? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13. How do you provide foreign Remittance and Air – Time Top- up service? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14. What are the CSR activities DBBL perform? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15. How DBBL Sanction loan to its customer by Mobile banking? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16. Why DBBL can’t sign deal with Gramen Phone and Robi ? But they are holding first and se cond position among Mobile phone operator. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 17.In case of traditional Banking there is no charge for deposite or withdraw but in Mobile Banking customer have to pay charges for both deposite or withdraw. Why? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ————————————————- Bibliography References: Dutch-Bangla Bank Ltd. (DBBL) Mobile Banking Office , Agrabad , Chittagong. (2012, September 22) http://www. marketresearch. com (2012, September 22) http://www. dutchbanglabank. com (2012, September 22) http://www. d utchbanglabank. com/mobile_banking. html (2012,September22 ) http://www. bankinfobd. com/banks/17/Dutch_Bangla_Bank (2012, September 20) http://en:wikipedia. rg/ wiki/mobile banking (2012, September 20 ) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/smsbanking (2012, September 20) http://en. wilipedia. org/wiki/online banking (2012, September 20) http. //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/telephone banking (2012, September 20) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/automated-tellermachine (2012, September 20) http://www. enterpriseinnovation. net (2012, September 20) http://www. sybase. com (2012, September 20) http://www. mbanking. blogspot. com (2012, September 20) http://www. grameen-info. org/index. php (2012, September 20) http://www. mobilebankingsystems. com

Migration Skills Assessment Booklet

MIGRATION SKILLS ASSESSMENT fOR REcOGNITION Of pERSONS INTENdING TO AppLy fOR SKILLEd MIGRATION TO AuSTRALIA wIThIN ThE ENGINEERING pROfESSION July 2012 www. engineersaustralia. org. au Migration Skills Assessment Education and Assessment Engineers Australia, 11 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 AUSTRALIA  © Copyright Engineers Australia, 2012 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from Engineers Australia.Requests and inquiries concerning the reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Director Education and Assessment, Engineers Australia, 11 National Circuit Barton ACT 2600 cONTENTS CONTENTS SECTION A Introduction and Background Introduction 1. Assessment for Migration Purposes 2. Occupational Categories in Engineering 3. Pathways to Recognition 4. English Language Requirements 5. Certification of Copies of Documents 6. Steps in the Assessment Applicatio n Process 7. Application Forms 8. The Assessment Process 9.Appealing the Assessment Outcome SECTION B Assessment of Recognised Qualifications 1. Australian Qualifications 2. Washington Accord 3. Sydney Accord SECTION C Assessment of Non-Recognised Qualifications 1. Introduction 2. Steps in preparing a CDR 3. Components of the CDR Summary Statements Professional Engineer Engineering Technologist Engineering Associate Engineering Manager SECTION D Additional Assessment Services 1. Introduction 2. Applicability of additional services 3. Identification of higher level engineering qualifications 4. Work Experience SECTION E Checklists, Fee Payment and Dispatch 1.Checklists 27 28 2. Fee Payment and Dispatch APPENDIX Detailed Description of Competency Elements for each Occupational Category Professional Engineer Engineering Technologist Engineering Associate Engineering Manager ANZSCO occupations designated to Engineers Australia 32 37 42 46 48 24 24 24 25 18 19 20 21 14 14 14 10 10 11 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 1 2 SEcTION A Introduction and Background 3 SEcTION A Introduction This booklet has been developed by Engineers Australia to assist you in preparing your submission for an engineering qualifications assessment.This section provides you with an introduction to the assessment of qualifications in engineering for migration purposes. You should read this booklet carefully before proceeding to the Application Forms. Professional Engineer Academic qualification is an Australian four year Bachelor of Engineering degree following twelve years of schooling, or equivalent. The Professional Engineer: †¢ Focusesonoverallsystems †¢ Developsandappliesnewengineeringpractices †¢ Appliesleadership&managementskills †¢ Pursuesengineeringopportunitiesinanholisticway,taking environmental,community&socialissuesintoaccount †¢ Solvesdiverseproblems.Engineering Technologist Academic qualification is an Australian three year Bachelor of Engineering Technology degree fo llowing twelve years of schooling, or equivalent. The Engineering Technologist: †¢ Focusesoninteractionswithinthesystem †¢ Modifiesandadaptsestablishedengineeringpractices †¢ Advancesengineeringtechnology. Engineering Associate Academic qualification is an Australian two year Advanced Diploma of engineering following twelve years of schooling, or equivalent. The Engineering Associate: †¢ Focusesonspecificelementsofthesystem †¢Workswithincodesandappliesestablished practices and procedures. Engineering Manager An engineering or engineering-related academic qualification must be held – normally at Bachelor degree level or higher. Engineering Manager: †¢ is a high level position involving the formulation of engineering strategies, policies and plans and the direction, administration and review of engineering operations for an organization †¢ musthavearecordofseniormanagementovera period of three years or more.Letters of reference and organisatio nal charts must be provided †¢ musthavepersonsreportingtohim/herwhoare also at a management level. Applicants should note that this occupation is not an engineering occupation, but rather belongs to the Managers and Administrators’ category. Consequently, a positive outcome will not allow automatic membership of Engineers Australia. Further details on the general role descriptions for each occupational category are presented in the Appendix. 1. Assessment for Migration Purposes Engineers Australia is the designated assessing authority for most engineering occupations.You should first check the ‘Skilled Occupation Lists (SOL)’ to determine that your skilled occupation is listed as being assessable by Engineers Australia, as there are some engineering occupations which are assessed elsewhere. The reference SOL documents, which list occupations and contact details of the designated assessing authorities, are available from the DIAC website www. immi. gov. au/sk illed/sol/. Applicants seeking assessment for migration purposes should first get a copy of the latest ‘General Skilled Migration Booklet (6) – Form 1119’ from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) (www. mmi. gov. au). This booklet will help applicants understand the requirements for General Skilled Migration to Australia. Alternatively, the ‘Employer Sponsored Migration Booklet (5) – form 1131’ may be relevant. Applicants should refer to the Australian Skills Recognition Information (ASRI) site at www. immi. gov. au/asri. This site helps you to find out how to get an assessment of your occupational qualifications and skills. It also contains information on state specific registration and licensing requirements.Applicants should also refer to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO) at www. abs. gov. au. This reference provides the definition, skill level and tasks involved in a particular o ccupation. 2. Occupational Categories in Engineering Engineers Australia recognises three occupational categories within the engineering team in Australia: †¢ ProfessionalEngineer †¢ EngineeringTechnologist †¢ EngineeringAssociate For migration purposes, an additional category of Engineering Manager is also recognised.Shown below is a description of the pre-requisite engineering qualifications and the workplace role for each occupational category. 4 SEcTION A 3. Pathways to Recognition There are two pathways to recognition of your qualifications: a) through recognised (accredited) Engineering Qualifications b) through a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR) for non-recognised qualifications. The pathways to recognition are shown schematically below: Read Information on website www. engineersaustralia. org. au download relevant Application formA TRF received before receipt of assessment application is stored alphabetically and matched to the personal file when assessme nt commences. Details of locations where IELTS assessments are conducted may be found on the IELTS website www. ielts. org. The following applicants may be exempt from the requirement to provide an IELTS assessment result: †¢ ApplicantswhoarenativeEnglishspeakers; †¢ ApplicantswhohavecompletedanAustralian undergraduateengineeringqualification; †¢ Applicantswhohavecompleteda2yearMasters degree or PhD program at an Australian university.For the above exemption, documentary evidence is required of successful completion of the Australian degree program. Please note that the above IELTS exemptions are determined on a case by case basis and Engineers Australia reserves the right to require an IELTS assessment result if it is deemed necessary. a) Accredited Qualifications b) Non-Recognised Qualifications Australian Qualifications all three levels washington Accord For Professional Engineers Sydney Accord For Engineering Technologists competency demonstration Report (cdR) 5. Certification of Copies of Documents Accreditation check Re-Submit es No yes No You must provide certified true copies of your original degree/diploma testamur (certificate) and any other subsequent engineering qualifications together with their associated academic transcripts (list of subjects studied and results obtained). Do not send the course syllabus. Certified copies are to be produced direct from the original documents, which the Certifier must sight. An original document is usually different from a photocopy or other reproduction. An original may often contain an official logo, seal, stamp or watermark, or may include a handwritten signature.Please note that colour scanned emailed or facsimile copies are not accepted. The certified copies bearing the Certifier's actual signature must be sent as hardcopy by post (or courier). Where documents are not in the English language, you must provide certified copies of both the original-language document and an English language trans lation which has been made from the original document. All translations must be carried out by an authorised translator. In general translators are not authorised to certify copies of original documents.The signature, name, status and contact details of the translator must be provided on the English language version. If your current name is not the same as that on your degree documents, you must provide evidence of your name change. All submitted documents which are copies of original documents must be certified. Many applications for a skills assessment are delayed because documents are not properly certified. The assessors will contact you by letter or e-mail if there are any omissions in regard to certification. Please make sure your e-mail and contact addresses are up to date.Outcome Outcome Refer to Sections B and C for instructions associated with each pathway. The assessment is primarily focused on the basic tertiary (post secondary) engineering qualification. Any application for assessment of a postgraduate qualification must have an underpinning undergraduate qualification. 4. English Language Requirements All applicants applying to have their skills assessed by Engineers Australia are required to provide evidence of their English language competency. Applicants are required to have achieved a minimum score of 6. in each of the four modules of speaking, listening, reading and writing in either the ‘General Training' or ‘Academic' version of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) www. ielts. org. Please Note You must arrange for an original IELTS Test Report Form (TRF) to be sent to Engineers Australia directly from the Test Centre. Certified copies are not acceptable. Use the address on the application form – see also page 25. For an IELTS Test Report Form to be valid, it must not be more than 2 years old at the date of receipt of the assessment application in this office. SEcTION A Applicants should note the foll owing points concerning certification of documents: 1. Certified copies of previously certified copies will not be accepted. You must provide a properly certified copy of the ORIGINAL document. 2. Proper certification should appear on each page to be certified, and should show: (a) (b) the signature of the person certifying the document and the date of signing the name of the person certifying the document. This should be clearly printed or evident in the official stamp the contact details of the person certifying the document.This MUST be provided and may be a business address, telephone number or e-mail address, and where possible, an official stamp indicating the status of the person certifying the document, ie. Justice of the Peace, Commissioner for Oaths, Notary Public a statement â€Å"I certify this to be an identical copy of the original document, which I have sighted†, or similar wording Where the name, status and contact details are in a foreign language, an English language translation of these three details needs to be provided. . Steps in the Assessment Application Process This section of the booklet assists you in the preparation and submission of your assessment applications. If you are lodging a Washington Accord, a Sydney Accord, or an Australian Engineering Qualification assessment application, then full details of what to send us are on the relevant application form. Go to Section B for details on preparing an application for assessment of a recognised qualification.Compilation of a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR) If you have non-recognised qualifications, you will need to submit a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR). Section C of this booklet provides you with guidelines for a description of your personal engineering practice and an identification of your engineering competencies. The Competency Demonstration Report or CDR is the substantial component of your application which provides the basis for Engineers Australiaâ€℠¢s assessment of your competencies.Apart from your engineering qualification, the success of your application will depend on your career episodes and your demonstration of the relevant set of competency elements. You should follow the guidelines in Section C carefully when compiling your CDR. Additional assessment services If you require an opinion on a higher level qualification (eg PhD), or your relevant skilled employment for the purpose of claiming points from DIAC, then go to Section D for application details.Note that the standard assessment will include an opinion on the comparable AQF Australian qualification level used in support of the assess outcome. This will enable the relevant points for such to be claimed from DIAC. Checklist of documentation and dispatch Section E of this booklet provides you with checklists of the required material, fees and dispatch address. The current assessment fee is also specified on the relevant application form. (c) (d) (e) (f) 3.The followi ng classes of persons acting within their relevant jurisdiction in the country of certification are authorised to certify copies of documents: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ AnauthorisedNotaryPublic AnauthorisedCommissionerfor Oaths/Declarations AnauthorisedLawyer,Solicitor,BarristerorJudge AnauthorisedJusticeofthePeace AnofficerofanAustralianDiplomaticPost AcurrentfinancialmemberoftheEngineers Australia other than at the grade of student (membership number must be shown) AstaffmemberofEngineersAustralia †¢ 4. If you employ the services of a legal firm, the solicitor must sign each page.It will not be satisfactory for the name of the law firm to appear in lieu of the actual name and signature of the solicitor certifying your documents. Collective responsibility implied in the use of â€Å"we†, accompanied by the name of the law firm, is not acceptable. 5. Documents are to be certified either in the country of lodgment or in the country of award Please No te Assessment of your application will not proceed if you submit copies of documents where the class of person certifying the copy is not one of those listed above or where the requirements stated above are not complied with. SEcTION A 7. Application Forms Each assessment pathway has its own application form. Make sure you download and complete the application form for the pathway you have selected. Application forms may be downloaded from the website www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills When applying for a CDR assessment, you should specify the occupational category and field of engineering for which you are seeking an occupational outcome. You may wish to refer to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO) dictionary on www. abs. gov. u for the definition of the occupations. Use of an Agent If you have appointed a person to act as your agent you must complete the authorisation form, which may be downloaded from the website (www. eng ineersaustralia. org. au/ migration_skills) under ‘Migration Skills Assessment’. If you are appointing an Agent, a hard-copy version of this form, complete with your original signature, must accompany your assessment application. If you employ an agent, Engineers Australia will communicate only with your agent regarding your assessment. You cannot independently contact Engineers Australia.If you do so you will be referred to your agent. 9. Appealing the Assessment Outcome If you are not satisfied with the assessment outcome you should first contact your case officer and discuss your concerns. The case officer may refer your case to the Associate Director – Migration Skills Assessment for consideration. †¢ ARevieworAppealcanonlybemadewithin 12 months of the date of the original assessment outcome letter †¢ Ifyouhavealreadyusedtheassessmentoutcomeletter for Migration purposes, then the assessment process is regarded as finished and no Appeal can be made.T here are two stages to an appeal: Preliminary (Informal) Review On receipt of request for a preliminary review, the Manager will refer your file to another assessor for an assessment which is independent of the first. Preliminary Reviews are done at no charge. You will be advised of the outcome by the Manager. If you are still not satisfied with the outcome you may go to a formal Appeal. Formal Appeal To lodge a formal appeal you must submit the form â€Å"Application for Formal Appeal of Assessment Outcome†, downloadable from www. engineersaustralia. rg. au/ migration_skills You may include reasons as to why you believe the outcome is not appropriate in your case. You cannot however present any new information/evidence. If you wish to add new material to your submission you must make a new application. You must include the Appeal Fee of AUD$200. This fee is refundable if you receive the outcome you are seeking. It is not refundable if the outcome remains as originally assess ed. All documents on your file will be photocopied and forwarded to an external Committee of engineers for re-assessment.Under Australian Privacy Legislation your permission will be required to forward copies of documents to the Committee. When requesting an Appeal, your signature will denote your consent to dissemination of the file documents. Appeals take about three months to process. The outcome of an Appeal is FINAL. 8. The Assessment Process When your application arrives, a receipt will be posted to you within 5 to 7 working days. The receipt will specify your Contact ID (CID) number. Please use this number in correspondence with Engineers Australia. Assessment turnaround time can vary and regular updates are to be found at ww. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_ skills Please do not telephone Engineers Australia within this timeframe as this will cause delays to processing. If there are any deficiencies in your submission you will be notified in writing. If the application is successful you will receive an assessment outcome letter suitable for migration purposes. Please note that the assessment outcome letter has no expiry date from Engineers Australia’s perspective. Assessment outcome letters are sent by ordinary post. If you wish to use a courier you must organise that yourself.Please advise Engineers Australia if you intend to use a courier and you will be advised by e-mail when the letter is available for pick-up. Please Note Only one original letter of recognition will be issued. Provision of an additional letter will require a Statutory Declaration explaining the reason for the additional letter together with an administration fee of AUD$100. 10. Fraud Applications will be rejected where there is evidence of fraud, plagiarism or forged documents. We refer applicants to the Engineers Australia Code of Ethics, in particular the demonstration of integrity, available on the website www. engineersaustralia. rg. au 7 8 SEcTION B Assessment of Recognised Qualifications 9 SEcTION B Accredited Qualifications These are accredited Australian engineering qualifications and overseas engineering qualifications that are recognised through formal agreements with engineering accreditation bodies in other countries. These qualifications are readily recognisable through database listings of accredited programs. For overseas qualifications there are two pathways †¢ onedealswithundergraduateProfessional Engineering programs. This is known as the Washington Accord. †¢ andtheotherdealswithEngineering Technologist programs. This is known as the Sydney Accord.In general, all references to ‘qualifications' refer to the undergraduate engineering qualification. However, please note that there are some Australian Masters qualifications that are now being accredited. Please Note For all recognized (accredited) qualifications the occupational classification generally given to you will be according to the engineering discipline s pecified in the program title and/or as reflected in the academic content. If you wish to seek an engineering occupational classification other than the one specified in your qualifications, or have your work experience taken into consideration, you will need to submit a CDR.Application forms for these pathways are available from the Engineers Australia website www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills 2. Washington Accord The Washington Accord (www. washingtonaccord. org) is an agreement between the engineering accreditation bodies, listed below, to recognise as equivalent the undergraduate professional engineering programs of study which are accredited and delivered in those countries. The following countries are full members of the Washington Accord. While Australia is a signatory country it is not listed here.If you have Australian engineering qualifications you must apply using the Australian Qualifications application form. Some other countries are currently seeking fu ll membership of the Washington Accord. Please refer to www. washingtonaccord. org. Provisional membership does not give entitlement to apply under the Washington Accord. Full membership only provides this entitlement. Canada (1989) Ireland (1989) New Zealand (1989) The Canadian Accreditation Board of the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers www. engineerscanada. ca The Institution of Engineers of Ireland www. iei. e The Institution of Professional Engineers, New Zealand www. ipenz. org. nz United Kingdom The Engineering Council of the UK www. engc. org. uk (1989) (see dual degree accreditation note) United States of America (1989) The Engineering Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology www. abet. org 1. Australian Qualifications If you have Australian undergraduate engineering qualifications at the Professional Engineer, Engineering Technologist or Engineering Associate level you should initially apply using the Australian Qualificat ions Application Form.Please note that ONLY accredited Australian qualifications are eligible under this pathway. If your undergraduate engineering qualification is from overseas, and unless your postgraduate (Masters) qualification is FULLY accredited, you cannot apply using this pathway. Persons who hold Australian engineering qualifications at the Trade or Technician level must not apply to Engineers Australia for assessment. Details of the relevant assessing authority for these occupations can be found in the Skilled Occupation Listing (SOL) available from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship www. mmi. gov. au. If your Australian engineering qualification has not yet been awarded you may provide a certified copy of the official academic transcript in lieu of a copy of the actual degree. The transcript must specify that the program of study has been completed and you are eligible to graduate. If the academic transcript does not specify completion you must provide an orig inal letter of completion (not a copy) signed by the Academic Registrar (not someone acting on his/her behalf). Hong Kong SAR The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers www. hkie. org. k (1995) South Africa (1999) Japan (2005) Singapore (2006) South Korea (2007) Taiwan (2007) Malaysia (2009) Turkey (2011) Russia (2012) The Engineering Council of South Africa www. ecsa. co. za Japan Accreditation Board for Engineering Education www. jabee. org The Institution of Engineers Singapore www. ies. org. sg Accreditation Board for Engineering Education for Korea www. abeek. or. kr Institute of Engineering Education Taiwan www. ieet. org. tw Board of Engineers Malaysia www. bem. org. my Association of Evaluation and Accreditation of Engineering Programs www. udek. org. tr Association for Engineering Education of Russia www. ac-raee. ru Please Note The Washington Accord only applies to undergraduate professional engineering degrees accredited and delivered in the signatory countries. The Accord do es not apply to: If you have been given part exemption from an Australian †¢ Qualificationsatloweracademiclevelsor qualification on the basis of recognition of prior learning †¢ Postgraduatequalificationsinengineering. (RPL) at another institution, you will need to provide 10 evidence of that prior learning. SEcTION BYou should first check that your qualification is listed as an accredited Professional Engineering program with the relevant body before applying. Washington Accord accreditation applies for degrees completed on or after the year (shown in brackets) for full signatory status. If you consider your qualifications fall under the Washington Accord you should complete the Washington Accord application form and provide the required documentation and assessment fee. Your qualifications will be checked with the relevant Washington Accord accreditation body.If your qualification is not listed as accredited under the Washington Accord, you will be invited to submit a Co mpetency Demonstration Report (CDR). Please Note Applicants with accredited qualifications from signatory countries where the official language is not English will be required to submit a satisfactory IELTS assessment result. Please Note The Sydney Accord only applies to undergraduate engineering technologist qualifications accredited and delivered in the signatory countries. The Accord does not apply to: †¢ Qualificationsatloweracademiclevelsor †¢ Postgraduatequalificationsinengineering.You should first check that your qualification is listed as an accredited Engineering Technologist program with the relevant body before applying. Sydney Accord accreditation applies for degrees completed on or after the year (shown in brackets) for full signatory status. If you consider your qualifications fall under the Sydney Accord you should complete the Sydney Accord application form and provide the required documentation and assessment fee. Your qualifications will be checked with t he relevant Sydney Accord accreditation body.If your qualification is not listed as accredited under the Sydney Accord, you will be invited to submit a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR). Please Note Applicants with accredited qualifications from signatory countries where the official language is not English will be required to submit a satisfactory IELTS assessment result. 3. Sydney Accord The Sydney Accord is an agreement between the engineering accreditation bodies, listed below, to recognise as equivalent the Engineering Technologist programs of study which are accredited and delivered in those countries.The following countries are full members of the Sydney Accord. While Australia is a signatory country it is not listed here. If you have Australian qualifications you must apply using the Australian qualifications application form. Canada (2001) The Canadian Council of Technicians and Technologists www. cctt. ca Hong Kong SAR The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (2001) www. hkie. org. hk Ireland (2001) New Zealand (2001) South Africa (2001) The Institution of Engineers of Ireland www. iei. ie The Institution of Professional Engineers, New Zealand www. ipenz. org. nz The Engineering Council of South Africa www. csa. co. za United Kingdom The Engineering Council of the UK (2001) www. engc. org. uk (see dual degree accreditation note) United States of America (2009) The Engineering Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology www. abet. org Provisional membership does not give entitlement to apply under the Sydney Accord. Full membership only provides this entitlement. 11 12 Section c Assessment of Non-Recognised Qualifications 13 SEcTION c 1. Introduction This section deals with the compilation of a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR) describing your engineering practice.The purpose of the CDR is to demonstrate: †¢ howyouhaveappliedyourengineeringknowledgeand skills; †¢ thatsuchapplicationmeetsthecompete ncystandards of the relevant occupational category in Australia. You should be aware that the CDR must be all your own work. You must carefully follow the instructions provided in preparing your CDR. You should realise that you are entering into a final assessment. The major assessable features of the CDR are your narratives written in English of three career episodes and a Summary Statement of the competency elements you have claimed.You should, where possible, type your CDR using a word processor and remember to keep a copy. The CDR must not be bound but presented in loose leaf A4 format. Your CDR will be assessed against the competency standards of the occupational category specified by you. Engineers Australia will not assess your competencies against an occupational category higher than the one you have specified, but may consider assessment against a lower occupational category if you are assessed as not suitable for your nominated category.Please Note A submitted CDR which is incomplete when submitted or which does not meet the stated requirements will not be assessed. All submitted material becomes the property of Engineers Australia. Applicants must make copies of all documents sent to Engineers Australia. Applicants who request copies of their submitted documents will be charged a AUD$100 administration fee. Do not present documents in a bound format as they must be dismantled for filing. 2. Steps in preparing a CDR:The flow chart below shows the steps you need to take in preparing your CDR: Complete Application Form Assemble certified copies of academic testamur(s) and associated academic transcript(s) Prepare Curriculum Vitae Identify Continuing Professional Development Write three Career Episodes Prepare a Summary Statement of evidence for the competency elements Instruct IElTS Test Entre to post an original TRF to EA Submit all specified documentation to Engineers Australia for assessment 3. Components of the CDR: You must first complete the CDR Application Form. This is available from www. engineersaustralia. org. au/ migration_skills 3. Declaration Page Your Competency Demonstration Report must include the following declaration (shown below). Declaration: The following declaration must be signed and presented as part of your CDR submission: ‘All statements of fact in this report are true and correct and I have made claims of acquired competencies in good faith. The report is all my own work and is a true representation of my personal competence in written English. I confirm that I understand that members of the engineering team in Australia are required to display a commitment to exercising professional and ethical responsibility in all aspects of their work.I also understand that documentation submitted in support of my application may be referred to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) for integrity checking. ’ Printed Name: Signature: Date: This Declaration Form is on page 3 of the CDR Appl ication Form, which may be downloaded from the Engineers Australia website www. engineersaustralia. org. au/ migration_skills 14 SEcTION c 3. 2 Certified copies of qualifications and academic record(s) Certified copies of the testamur (degree certificate) and transcript are mandatory documents.Many applications for a skills assessment are delayed because documents are not properly certified. See item 5 of Section A for full details of the certification requirements. Documents not properly certified will not be accepted, and your application for assessment will not proceed. Evidence must be provided of any postgraduate qualification completion, or at least enrolment if qualification not completed. This is especially important if material from such study is used in one or more career episode. 3. Curriculum Vitae (CV) or Resume Engineers Australia requires a full summary of your education and engineering work history to gain a full perspective of your engineering workplace practice. Yo ur CV must be a complete record of your activities and must not contain significant periods where no activity is recorded. For each workplace provide: †¢ organisationnameandlocationincludingcontact details where possible †¢ datesanddurationofemployment †¢ titleofpositionoccupiedbyyou †¢ yourdefinedrole(provideadutyorappointment statement where available) and/or a brief description of your activities Your CV should be no more than three A4 pages.The CV is to be a chronological listing of employment, not projects. 3. 4 Evidence of Employment If in your CV/Resume you claim engineering work experience of 12 months or more, then you must provide documentary evidence (originals or certified copies) of employment and certified translations into English where necessary. Thedocumentaryevidenceistoinclude;company letterhead (including name and location details), date of document, name and status of author, dates and duration of employment, title of position occupied and a brief description of duties/tasks/responsibilities.If a career episode is based upon engineering work, then you must provide documentary evidence of employment, as above. This instruction applies to the standard assessment service only. Go to Section D for further instructions on the additional assessment service for the identification of periods of skilled employment. 3. 5 Identification of Continuing Professional Development Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is the means by which you keep up-to-date with developments in your field of engineering after you have gained your undergraduate qualification. A brief summary of CPD you have undertaken must be included in your CDR.This CPD must take the form of a listing (title, date, duration, venue) of: †¢ formalpost-graduatestudy; †¢ conferencesatwhichyouhavedeliveredpapersor attended. †¢ shortcourses,workshops,seminarsanddiscussion groups, conferences, technical inspections and technicalmeetingsyouhaveattended; â € ¢ preparationandpresentationofmaterialforcourses, conferences, seminars and symposia †¢ servicetotheengineeringprofession(volunteerwork, board or committee volunteer, mentoring, etc) †¢ privatestudy(includesbooks,journals,transactions, manuals, etc) Your CPD listing need be no more than one A4 page. There is no necessity to include certificates from each course. . 6 International English Language Test Result All applicants applying to have their skills assessed by Engineers Australia are required to provide evidence of their English language competency. See item 4 of Section A for full details of the English competency requirements. 3. 7 Writing your three career episodes You are required to present an account of your engineering activities on each of three separate career episodes. A career episode is a documented component of your engineering education and/or work experience which captures a particular period or distinct aspect of your engineering activity.It needs t o clearly demonstrate the application of engineering knowledge and skills in the nominated occupation, not the acquisition of knowledge. It may use material from: †¢ anengineeringtaskundertakenaspartofyour educationalprogram; †¢ aprojectyouhaveworkedonorarecurrently workingon; †¢ aspecificpositionthatyouoccupiedorcurrently occupy (in this case, the career episode must comprise morethanameredutystatement); †¢ aparticularengineeringproblemthatyouwererequired to solve. Each career episode must be in your own words and must be written in English. 5 SEcTION c Do not present large amounts of technical material. It is recommended that each narrative be a minimum of about 1000 words and a maximum of about 2000 words. The career episode, being written in your own words, will also provide evidence to the assessor of your communication skills. Please Note Career Episodes must be written in the first person singular clearly indicating your own personal role in the work descr ibed. Remember, it is what ‘I did’, not what ‘we did’ or what ‘I was involved in. Each career episode must clearly demonstrate the application of engineering knowledge and skills in the engineering discipline for which the applicant seeks recognition. That is, state â€Å"what you did† and describe â€Å"how you did it†, with emphasis on your own personal actions, eg â€Å"I designed†¦ â€Å", â€Å"I investigated†¦ â€Å". Excessive technical detail (diagrams, photos, calculations, tables) are not required. Each career episode should emphasise any engineering problems identified and any particular problem solving techniques used by you.The purpose of this is to assess the nature of the contribution which you may have made to the engineering project or task – particularly if that contribution was of a novel nature or critical to the implementation of the task/project. Please note that it is not sufficient to merely d escribe work in which you were involved. Your own role in the work must be clearly described by you, and be identifiable in the assessment. You must number each paragraph in each of your career episodes. Thefollowingsystemisrecommended; Career episode 1 (paragraphs 1. 1, 1. 2, 1. 3 etc) Career episode 2 (paragraphs 2. , 2. 2, 2. 3 etc) Career episode 3 (paragraphs 3. 1, 3. 2, 3. 3 etc) This is necessary to construct the Summary Statement. Each career episode should follow the format shown below: a) Introduction (approx. 50 words) This introduces the reader to the career episode and should include such things as: †¢ thechronology-thedatesanddurationofthiscareer episode; †¢ thegeographicallocationwheretheexperiencewas gained; †¢ thenameoftheorganisation; †¢ thetitleofthepositionoccupiedbyyou. b) Background (200 – 500 words) This sets the scene and provides the context in which you were studying/working.It should include such things as: †¢ thenatureofthe overallengineeringproject; †¢ theobjectivesoftheproject; †¢ thenatureofyourparticularworkarea; †¢ achartoftheorganisationalstructurehighlighting yourposition,inrelationtothecareerepisode; †¢ astatementofyourduties(provideanofficialduty statement where available). c) Personal Engineering Activity (500 – 1000 words) This is the body of the narrative and the key assessable component. In this section you must describe in detail the actual work performed by you. It is not sufficient to describe the activity performed by a team or group – your own role must be clearly identified.Remember it is your own personal engineering competencies that are being assessed. This section should include such things as: †¢ howyouappliedyourengineeringknowledgeandskills; †¢ thetasksdelegatedtoyouandhowyouwentabout accomplishingthem; †¢ anyparticulartechnicaldifficulties/problemsyou encounteredandhowyousolvedthem; †¢ strategiesdevisedbyyouincludinganyori ginalor creativedesignwork; †¢ howyouworkedwithotherteammembers. d) Summary (50 – 100 words) This section sums up your impressions of the engineering activity and your role in it.It should include such things as: †¢ yourviewoftheoverallproject; †¢ howtheprojectfaredinmeetingthegoals/requirements; †¢ howyourpersonalrolecontributedtotheproject. 3. 8 Preparation of the Summary Statement Complete the three career episodes, then analyse them for the presence of ALL of the competency elements for the occupational category you have chosen. The elements for each occupational category are listed in the following pages. The Appendix gives a detailed description of each competency element for each category. 16 SEcTION cThe results of your analysis are to be reported in the form of a Summary Statement of competency elements claimed. The Summary Statement cross-references the relevant set of competency elements with the particular paragraph in your Career Episode where each element occurs. To do this, you will need to number the paragraphs in your career episodes. The process is represented schematically below: 1. Career Episode 2. Career Episode 3. Career Episode Summary Statement of competency elements claimed by you indicating how and where appliedYou must download and complete the appropriate summary statement for your nominated occupational category. The summary statement templates are available at www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills These are guides only. Do not attempt to restrict your Summary Statement to one page only. Applicants may prepare their own summary table, but must include the complete set of competency elements for their nominated engineering category. Please note, one Summary Statement only is to be provided covering all three career episodes combined. 17 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER Summary Statement These are the competency Units and Elements.These elements must be addressed in the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as a Professional Engineer, you will need to download this page, complete it and lodge it with your application. For details, refer to the Appendix, Pages 33-36. Competency Element PE1 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL BASE A brief summary of how you have applied the element Paragraph in the career episode(s) where the element is addressed PE1. 1 Comprehensive, theory based understanding of the underpinning natural and physical sciences and the engineering fundamentals applicable to the engineering discipline.PE1. 2 Conceptual understanding of the mathematics, numerical analysis, statistics, and computer and information sciences which underpin the engineering discipline. PE1. 3 In-depth understanding of specialist bodies of knowledge within the engineering discipline. PE1. 4 Discernment of knowledge development and research directions within the engineering discipline. PE1. 5 Knowledge of contextual factors impacting the engineering discipline. PE1. 6 Understand ing of the scope, principles, norms, accountabilities and bounds of contemporary engineering practice in the specific discipline.PE2 ENGINEERING APPLICATION ABILITY PE2. 1 Application of established engineering methods to complex engineering problem solving. PE2. 2 Fluent application of engineering techniques, tools and resources. PE2. 3 Application of systematic engineering synthesis and design processes. PE2. 4 Application of systematic approaches to the conduct and management of engineering projects. PE3 PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES PE3. 1 Ethical conduct and professional accountability. PE3. 2 Effective oral and written communication in professional and lay domains. PE3. Creative, innovative and pro-active demeanour. PE3. 4 Professional use and management of information. PE3. 5 Orderly management of self, and professional conduct. PE3. 6 Effective team membership and team leadership. 18 ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIST Summary Statement These are the competency Units and Element s. These elements must be addressed in the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as an Engineering Technologist, you will need to download this page, complete it, and lodge it with your application. For details, refer to the Appendix, Pages 38-41.Competency Element ET1 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL BASE A brief summary of how you have applied the element Paragraph in the career episode(s) where the element is addressed ET1. 1 Systematic, theory based understanding of the underpinning natural and physical sciences and the engineering fundamentals applicable to the technology domain. ET1. 2 Conceptual understanding of the, mathematics, numerical analysis, statistics, and computer and information sciences which underpin the technology domain. ET1. 3 In-depth understanding of specialist bodies of knowledge within the technology domain. ET1. Discernment of knowledge development within the technology domain. ET1. 5 Knowledge of contextual factors impacting the techno logy domain. ET1. 6 Understanding of the scope, principles, norms, accountabilities and bounds of contemporary engineering practice in the technology domain. ET2 ENGINEERING APPLICATION ABILITY ET2. 1 Application of established engineering methods to broadly-defined problem solving within the technology domain. ET2. 2 Application of engineering techniques, tools and resources within the technology domain. ET2. 3 Application of systematic synthesis and design processes within the technology domain.ET2. 4 Application of systematic approaches to the conduct and management of projects within the technology domain. ET3 PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES ET3. 1 Ethical conduct and professional accountability. ET3. 2 Effective oral and written communication in professional and lay domains. ET3. 3 Creative, innovative and pro-active demeanour. ET3. 4 Professional use and management of information. ET3. 5 Orderly management of self, and professional conduct. ET3. 6 Effective team membershi p and team leadership. 19 ENGINEERING ASSOCIATE Summary Statement These are the competency Units and Elements.These elements must be addressed in the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as an Engineering Associate, you will need to download this page, complete it, and lodge it with your application. For details, refer to the Appendix, Pages 43-45. Competency Element EA1 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL BASE A brief summary of how you have applied the element Paragraph in the career episode(s) where the element is addressed EA1. 1 Descriptive, formula-based understanding of the underpinning natural and physical sciences and the engineering fundamentals applicable to the practice area.EA1. 2 Procedural-level understanding of the mathematics, numerical analysis, statistics, and computer and information sciences which underpin the practice area. EA1. 3 In-depth practical knowledge and skills within specialist sub-disciplines of the practice area. EA1. 4 Discernment of engineering developments within the practice area. EA1. 5 Knowledge of contextual factors impacting the practice area. EA1. 6 Understanding of the scope, principles, norms, accountabilities and bounds of contemporary engineering practice in the area of practice. EA2 ENGINEERING APPLICATION ABILITYEA2. 1 Application of established technical and practical methods to the solution of well-defined engineering problems. EA2. 2 Application of technical and practical techniques, tools and resources to well-defined engineering problems. EA2. 3 Application of systematic design processes to well-defined engineering problems. EA2. 4 Application of systematic project management processes. EA3 PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES EA3. 1 Ethical conduct and professional accountability. EA3. 2 Effective oral and written communication in professional and lay domains.EA3. 3 Creative, innovative and pro-active demeanour. EA3. 4 Professional use and management of information. EA3. 5 Orderly manageme nt of self, and professional conduct. EA3. 6 Effective team membership and team leadership. 20 ENGINEERING MANAGER Summary Statement These are the competency Elements. These elements must be addressed in the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as an Engineering Manager, you will need to download this page, complete it, and lodge it with your application. For details, refer to the Appendix, Page 47.Competency Element EM1. 1 Contributes to engineering business strategies EM1. 2 Develops client relationships EM1. 3 Manages the implementation of engineering plans within the business EM1. 4 Manages resources EM1. 5 Manages people EM1. 6 Manages suppliers EM1. 7 Manages business information EM1. 8 Monitors engineering business performance A brief summary of how you have applied the element Paragraph in the career episode(s) where the element is addressed 21 22 Section d Additional Assessment Services 23 SEcTION d Additional Assessment ServicesIdentificati on of: – Relevant Engineering Qualifications; and / or – Relevant Skilled Employment for the purpose of claiming migration points 2. Applicability of additional services It should be noted that not all clients will require these additional assessing services. Such services are anticipated to be ONLY of interest to the following clients: †¢ thosewhoholdahigher-levelqualificationthanmaybe strictlynecessarytoprovidethenominatedoutcome; and / or †¢ thosewhohaveatleast1yearAustralianwork experience, and / or at least 3 years Overseas work experience in their nominated occupation or a closelyrelated occupation.Either or both of these services may be applied for if the client wishes to claim the DIAC points. 1. Introduction As part of the introduction of the New Points Test for certain skilled migration visas on 1 July 2011, DIAC has advised applicants that they may request an opinion from their relevant assessing authority in two areas: †¢ identificationofhigh esteducationalqualification, relevant to the nominated occupation †¢ identificationofrelevantworkexperienceofatleast 20hrs/week, both overseas and in Australia See http://www. immi. gov. au/skilled/general-skilledmigration/pdf/points-test. df Generally, the higher the level of qualification and the longer the period of relevant work experience, the greater the number of points claimable under the points test. Engineers Australia can offer opinions in the two areas above, as necessary, on receipt of an application for the additional services (with evidence) over and above the standard assessment. It should be noted that – from 1 July 2011 – the standard assessment WILL INCLUDE an opinion on the comparable relevant Australian level qualification to the client’s overseas qualification used in support of the assessed outcome.However, where a client holds an engineering PhD degree for example, which may not necessarily need to be considered in the assessment pro cess to provide the nominated outcome, then this additional assessing service may be employed to identify the overseas PhD as comparable to an Australian PhD. Please Note Engineers Australia does NOT issue the points for migration. This will be done by the DIAC case officer at the time of their review of the overall migration application, subsequent to assessment. 3.Identification of higher level engineering qualifications The standard assessment WILL INCLUDE an opinion on the comparable relevant Australian level qualification to the client’s overseas qualification used in support of the assessed outcome. However, where a client holds a PhD degree for example, which may not necessarily need to be considered in the assessment process to provide the nominated outcome, then this additional assessing service may be employed to identify the overseas PhD as comparable to an Australian PhD.Applicants who require this service will need to provide: †¢ acompletedapplicationform,wi threlevantfee payment †¢ properly-certifiedcopiesofalloriginalacademic documentation (testamurs and transcripts, as applicable) which shows that the client unconditionally holds the qualification claimed †¢ alistingofdoctoralexaminersanddetails †¢ alistingofpublicationsmadeduringandafterthe doctoral program †¢ thesisabstract. 4. Skilled EmploymentDIAC will award points to applicants based on demonstration of a verifiable skilled employment history undertaken in the last 10 years, in Australia or overseas. For the necessary assessment by Engineers Australia, the experience MUST be in an applicant’s nominated engineering occupation, or a closely related occupation. In determining whether an applicant’s skilled employment is closely related to their nominated occupation, the assessment by Engineers Australia will take into consideration the occupations within one unit group 4 SEcTION d classified under the ANZSCO Classification of Occupations. Engineer s Australia has been authorised by DIAC to provide an opinion about an applicant’s skilled employment claims as part of the skills assessment. However, the decision to award points for skilled employment remains with the DIAC case officer, who may also need to review claims of relevant employment gained subsequent to the formal assessment.For applicants seeking an opinion about their skilled employment claims (as above) from Engineers Australia, submitted work experience documentation must: †¢ beanoriginaldocument,oracertifiedtruecopyofthe original in accordance with the MSA Booklet, Section A,Item5; †¢ bewrittenontheofficialletterheadofthecompany,or governmentdepartment,providingthedocumentation; †¢ indicateclearlythefulladdressofthecompanyand any telephone, fax numbers, email and website addresses; †¢ bedated; †¢ includethenameandpositionofthepersonendorsing the employment document †¦ these should be typed or stamped below that person's signatu re – a reference with an illegible signature will not be accepted: †¢ includethedirectcontactnumberandofficialemail addressofthepersonendorsingthedocument; †¢ indicate: – the main five (5) duties undertaken, – the job title or positions held (positions should not be described by generic titles (eg, Engineer) but according to the nature of the duties undertaken (eg, Assistant Project Engineer – Civil), – the exact period of employment (start and finish date, including day/month/year), – whether full or part-time (including hours/week). For periods of self-employment, the following certified copies or original documents may be acceptable: – commissions that are signed by each of the clients foreachproject; – proof of formal Registration (including duration) as an engineerinthehomecountry; -receiptsissuedforprojects; – third party confirmation of the period of selfemployment, the position held and the individual d uties performed. Only those documents meeting the above requirements will be considered in the provision of formal written advice by Engineers Australia. No further correspondence will be entered into in addressing shortcomings in the submitted documentation.In addition to the above independent confirmation of the claims made, applicants who require this service will need to provide: †¢ acompletedapplicationform,withrelevantfee payment †¢ acompeted'SkilledEmploymentRecord'ofthework experience being claimed in support of the opinion requested from Engineers Australia. The ‘Skilled Employment Record' template is available on www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills 25 Skilled Employment Record Family or Surname: Given Names: Employer / Company Name Street Address Contact Details Documents include 5 main duties Yes / No Years / Months CID Number Hours/week Total Duration For Engineers Australia Use Only Start Date End Date Job Title Tel / fax / emailSkilled Emp loyment Record to be downloaded and completed as part of the additional assessment service: 26 Note: Please ensure that all columns are completed for each period of employment relevant to your nominated occupation. SEcTION d Employment for which incomplete information is provided will not be considered. Section E checklists, fee payment and dispatch 27 SEcTION E 1. Checklists Before you dispatch your application you should use one of the following checklists to ensure that you have completed all the necessary steps and provided all the required documents. Assemble your submission by placing documents in the order shown below. Please do not bind your documents.Checklist 1: for Washington/Sydney Accord and Australian Engineering Qualifications Assessment Applications Completed Application Form, with passport-style photo Application fee Form to appoint person to act as agent [if necessary] Certified true copy of passport bio-data page only (not the complete passport), and English langu age translation (if not in English) [Where this is not available, a copy of your Birth Certificate and/or National Identify Card may be acceptable in lieu] Certified true copy of name change document [If necessary] Original English language test (IELTS) result [necessary only if application is based on a qualification from a signatory country where the official language is not English]. You must arrange for this to be forwarded directly to Engineers Australia from theTest Centre Certified true copy of academic testamur Certified true copies of academic transcripts Curriculum Vitae (CV) / Resume English language translations of above, where applicable Checklist 2: for Competency Demonstration Report (CDR) Assessment Applications Completed Application Form, with passport-style photo Application fee Form to appoint person to act as agent [if necessary] Certified true copy of passport bio-data page only (not the complete passport), and English language translation (if not in English) [W here this is not available, a copy of your Birth Certificate and/or National Identify Card may be acceptable in lieu] Certified true copy of name change document [If necessary] Original English language test (IELTS) result [if necessary]. You must arrange for this to be forwarded directly to Engineers Australia from the Test Centre. Curriculum Vitae (CV) / Resume Certified true copy of academic testamur(s) Certified true copies of academic transcript(s) Certified evidence of registration under the relevant licensing authority in the country in which you are practising [if necessary] e. g.Philippine Regulations Commission Certified documentary evidence of employment [must be provided if you have relevant work experience of 12 months or more, or if the work experience provides a basis of a career episode(s)] A listing of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) CDR Declaration Page Three Career Episodes Summary Statement of evidence for the competency elements English language transl ations of above, where applicable 28 SEcTION E 2. Fee Payment and Dispatch The assessment fee as specified on the Application Form must accompany your submission. The assessment fee is not refundable and may be subject to change without notice. Goods and Service Tax (GST) †¢ ApplicantswhoarelivinginAustraliaMUSTpay10% GST on the application fee †¢ Applicantslivingoverseas,wholodgetheirapplication from overseas, are NOT required to pay the GST †¢ Applicants living overseas, who lodge an application for assessment through an agent in Australia (Migration Agent, relative or friend living in Australia) are NOT required to pay the GST.Assessment Fees Assessment fees are listed below for each type of application: Australian qualifications AUD$150 or $165 incl. GST Washington Accord Sydney Accord AUD$300 or $330 incl. GST AUD$300 or $330 incl. GST For payment made within Australia, the following methods of payment are acceptable: †¢ Abankchequeorapersonalcheque †¢ AnAustralianmoneyorder †¢ Acreditcardauthorisationasabove Your completed Application Form, submission, and assessment fee should be sent direct to: Migration Skills Assessment Education and Assessment Engineers Australia 11 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 AUSTRALIA Please Note Assessment Turnaround Time: The turnaround time for processing assessments can vary, depending on numbers of incoming applications.For guidance on current turnaround time, we refer to www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills Please DO NOT contact Engineers Australia within this time frame as delays will be caused to the processing time for all applications. Competency Demonstration Report AUD$600 or $660 incl. GST Additional Services (when applied for at the time of above standard assessment): Skilled Employment Overseas PhD AUD$250 or $275 incl. GST AUD$200 or $220 incl. GST Note that extra fees are applicable for the additional services if carried out AFTER the Standard Assessment has been iss ued. In this case, please refer to the Admin Fee payment form for the applicable fees.The following methods of payment are acceptable: †¢ Aninternationalbankdraftorchequemadeoutto ‘Engineers Australia’ in Australian dollars drawn on an Australian office of a bank operating in Australia †¢ Aninternationalmoneyordermadeoutto‘Engineers Australia’ in Australian dollars †¢ AcreditcardauthorisationonyourVisa,Mastercard or American Express card Please Note A cheque/remittance drawn in a currency other than Australian dollars or drawn in Australian currency on a bank outside Australia is not acceptable. 29 30 Appendix detailed description of competency Elements for each Occupational category 31 AppENdIx PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ROLE Professional Engineers are required to take responsibility for engineering projects and programs in the most far-reaching sense.This includes the reliable functioning of all materials, components, sub- systems andtechnologiesused;theirintegrationtoforma complete,sustainableandself-consistentsystem;and all interactions between the technical system and the context within which it functions. The latter includes understanding the requirements of clients, wide rangingstakeholdersandofsocietyasawhole; working to optimise social, environmental and economic outcomes over the full lifetime of the engineering product orprogram;interactingeffectivelywithotherdisciplines, professionsandpeople;andensuringthattheengineering contribution is properly integrated into the totality of the undertaking.Professional Engineers are responsible for interpreting technological possibilities to society, businessandgovernment;andforensuringasfaras possible that policy decisions are properly informed by such possibilities and consequences, and that costs, risks and limitations are properly understood as the desirable outcomes. Professional Engineers are responsible for bringing knowledge to bear from multiple sources to develop solutions to complex problems and issues, for ensuring that technical and non-technical considerations are properly integrated, and for managing risk as well as sustainability issues. While the outcomes of engineering have physical forms, the work of Professional Engineers is predominantly intellectual in nature. In a technical sense, Professional Engineers are primarily concerned with the advancement of technologies and with the development of new